Course Descriptions

Art & Design

ARD 100 Introduction to Visual and Plastic Arts

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course introduces students to several art and design disciplines and examines how they are interrelated through applied work using various mediums and techniques.

ARD 101 Drawing Foundations

(offered every fall) 3 credits. In Drawing Foundations students develop their ability to draw what they see through the application of perspective, contour, and tonal study. Basic drawing techniques and the use of different materials are introduced.

ARD 102 Life Drawing I

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class emphasizes accurate drawing of the human form using a wide variety of media, and focusing on proportion, problems of foreshortening, and anatomy.

ARD 124 Ceramic Design I

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This is an introduction to ceramic design. During this class students become familiar with the design and making of ceramic products, and the properties of the media. Students learn basic manufacturing methods and techniques.

ARD 126 Sustainable Design Systems

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course introduces students to an evolving array of alternative design systems that are based on a philosophical paradigm shift toward Earth-awareness and environmental stewardship. The course also contains a design studio component in which students select a specific sustainable design system and use it to address a particular design problem.

ARD 127 Digital Imagery

(offered every semester) 3 credits. This class begins an in-depth study of industry-standard computer software applications for artists and designers. Working on a Macintosh platform, students develop basic computer graphics skills utilizing a powerful vector drawing program (Adobe Illustrator®) and an image manipulation program (Adobe Photoshop®). The theory and practice of designing with text and imagery is also explored.

ARD 173 Color and Composition

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class is an exploration of the basic elements and principles of two-dimensional design and its applications. Dot, line, shape, field, texture, brightness, and color are introduced as basic and interrelated components in solving design problems. Color theories including the physics and psychophysics of color, and cultural and aesthetic considerations are discovered. Projects encourage students to express ideas in a visual context, while exploring the interaction of ideas and principles.

ARD 202 Life Drawing II

(offered every fall) 3 credits. In Life Drawing II, students develop a greater understanding of anatomy and skeletal structure through applied study of the figure through drawing. Prerequisites: ARD 101 and ARD 102.

ARD 205 Weaving and Off-Loom Structures

(offered every fall) 3 credits. In this class, students discover fiber structure through sampling construction methods, including twining, coiling, knitting, crochet, knotting, and weaving. The emphasis is on loom preparation, drafting graphics, basic structures, and includes research and analysis of historic and contemporary examples. Students use these techniques to create art objects, one-of-a-kind garments, or design prototypes for multiples.

ARD 211 Noetic Skills

(offered every spring) 2 credits. This course focuses on creative, problem-solving strategies that challenge restrictions placed on rapid, adaptive, and unorthodox solutions by an adherence to conventional thinking. Students learn about obstacles to creativity and how to overcome them through the use of logic, intuition, and synthesis. Creativity is viewed as a rational thinking process that can be learned.

ARD 221 Drawing Animation and Composition

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class emphasizes the composing process and the development of an understanding of drawing as a dynamic organization of shape, value, line, and form. The instructional format builds animation skills from the ground up, using a technical foundation in drawing as a basis for exploring animation. The development of individual and creative skills in the use of various drawing media is stressed. Prerequisites: ARD 101 and ARD 102.

ARD 222 Intermediate Studio

(offered every spring) 3 credits. In this course, students begin the exploration of a personal approach through one or more chosen media. Research to discover the properties, history, and various uses of the materials appropriate to the beginnings of one's own aesthetic expressions is stressed. Prerequisites: ARD 101 and ARD 102.

ARD 223 Digital Art Studio I

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course offers an introductory experience in the growing field of digital art, a combination of fine art and graphic design. Digital art combines the aesthetic appeal and sensibilities of traditional image-making with current design trends and technologies, utilizing the computer as the primary creative medium. This class is primarily intended for graphic design students who wish to focus on their illustration skills, as well as studio artists who wish to explore a new medium for their art. Students strengthen and polish the computer and software skills acquired in ARD 127 through projects designed to increase the comfort level of using the computer as a "canvas." Students are also expected to research, analyze, and report on the work of a contemporary digital artist of their choice. Prerequisites: ARD 101 and ARD 127.

ARD 224 Ceramic Design II

(offered every spring) 3 credits. In this course, students develop greater knowledge and skills required in professional ceramic design work, such as making prototypes, manufacturing limited series, and designing and making one-of-a-kind pieces. Molds and casting techniques for ceramic production are also explored.

ARD 225 Surface Design for Textiles

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course covers the development of visual language for the surface design of printed, woven, and felted textiles including motifs, layouts, color-ways, printing, and dyeing techniques.

ARD 226 Design Studio I

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class is the first full design studio for Sustainable Design, Product Design, and Interior Design concentrations. The design studio uses design projects as a vehicle to learn and apply design systems and methodologies to creative problem solving. Students learn to define projects, perform research, and generate diverse concept responses.

ARD 227 Publications

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class is an introduction to production and pre-press requirements for printed work. It covers publication design, copy and art preparation, graphic arts photo processes, paper, ink, and computer file preparation. Methods to keep design strategies flexible and appropriate amidst rapidly changing publishing practices are discussed. Prerequisite:  ARD 127.

ARD 240 Digital Modeling and Rendering

(offered every spring) 3 credits. Utilizing an industry-standard software application, in this course students learn the concepts and practice of creating three-dimensional computer models of their designs and how to apply surface textures, lighting effects, and modeling techniques.

ARD 254 Jacquard Design

(offered odd spring) 3 credits. This course teaches students to create patterns and weaves for jacquard upholstery using professional software. Student designs are woven as samples in a textile mill. Students use drawing, basic math, and organizational skills to complete three design projects. Prerequisites: ARD 205 and ARD 225.

ARD 261 Technical Aspects of Fiber and Fashion Design

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class explores studio and industry materials and processes for surface design, weaving, and garment design. Flat pattern drafting and draping are introduced.

*ARD 263 Technical Aspects of Materials I

(offered every spring) 3 credits. In this course, students gain 'hands-on' experience with a wide range of materials, discover inherent characteristics of materials, and learn the processes used to produce and form them. New materials generated in response to concerns about conservation, renewable and reusable resources, recyclability, product life cycle analysis, and associated environmental impacts are explored. *One crossdisciplinary Technical Aspect course may be substituted.

ARD 273 Painting Fundamentals

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class is an introduction to the use of paint as a medium to explore the fundamentals of composition and pictorial organization. Instruction is given in the use of materials, the expressive use of color, and the rendering of form and volume through color value studies. Prerequisites: ARD 101 and ARD 173.

ARD 276 Sculpture

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class introduces the elements and principles of three-dimensional design through form development. Students discover materials and processes while developing an awareness of surface. Individual expression through unique objects and the production of multiples is encouraged.

ARD 277 Professional Drawing

(offered every fall) 3 credits. In this course, students are instructed in the professional language of technical drawings and learn to generate orthographic projections and 1-, 2-, and 3-point mechanical perspective drawings, and explore axonometric and exploded-view illustration techniques.

ARD 279 Presentation and Portfolio

(offered every spring) 2 credits. In this course, students learn additional tools and techniques used by professional designers for concept presentation and professional portfolio construction.

ARD 311 Design Research Skills

(offered every spring) 2 credits. This course develops basic skills in data collection and research techniques required by the design industry. A variety of systematic approaches to how designers translate complex information provided by engineers, market analysts, consumer groups, environmental scientists, and economists are explored. Qualitative research techniques drawn from several fields of study are examined, including surveying, interviewing, auditing, and observational methodology. Information collected is analyzed and synthesized into a cohesive design problem statement in order to address and explore solutions.

ARD 322 Advanced Studio

(offered every fall) 3 credits. In this course, the student continues exploration and mastery of their chosen media while researching present and past artists whose work can serve to guide the student's direction and choices in developing a personal expression. The student begins to form a personal point of view and develop a focus in relation to the larger social and aesthetic environment. The emphasis is on content and awareness of varying approaches as means to understand others and one's self and gain the ability to create images with impact and personal style. Through illustration projects, students develop the use of conceptual and narrative skills in the problem solving process with emphasis on pictorial composition and use of color theory. Prerequisites: ARD 222 and ARD 273.

ARD 323 Digital Art Studio II

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course offers a continuing and in-depth experience in the growing field of digital art. Digital art, a combination of fine art and graphic design, combines the aesthetic appeal and sensibilities of traditional image-making with current design trends and technologies using the computer as the primary creative medium. Students advance their computer and software skills to a level where use of the technology becomes "invisible," allowing students to concentrate on the creativity of their work. Students are encouraged to develop a visual style or dialogue, and push the medium by exploring various software and software combinations to help students find their artistic "voice." Class assignments focus on artistic technique and editorial content based on personal, cultural, historical, and societal perceptions and observations. Prerequisite:  ARD 223.

ARD 327 Graphic Design

(offered every spring) 3 credits. In this class, students expand and sharpen their graphic design skills by finding independent solutions for real design problems. The class covers audience definition, demographics, research and analysis, concept development, and all pre-press production. Prerequisite:  ARD 227.

ARD 329 Art & Design Project Management

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class focuses on learning the project management skills required in art and design professions. Students have the opportunity to develop a personal focus linked to their chosen concentration. Students learn how to identify an objective for an art or design project, make a project plan and budget, negotiate with clients and partners, establish a timetable, and complete the project. Students can also choose a more demanding project and learn how to develop a business idea, create a business plan, perform a marketing analysis, an entrepreneurial venture.

ARD 336 Design Studio II

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class is the second full design studio for the Sustainable Design, Product Design, and Interior Design concentrations. This design studio is a continuation of creative problem solving using design projects as a vehicle to learn and apply design systems and methodologies. Students in Design Studio II aim for improved levels of research, conceptualization, and 'real-world' response. Prerequisite: ARD 226.

ARD 341 Package Design

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course explores graphic design for the packaging industry. Topics include package design analysis, conceptualization, creation, and execution. The use of paper, board, plastic, glass, and metal containers is also covered. Final full-color structural comprehensives are executed for actual and simulated problem statements. Prerequisite:  ARD 327.

ARD 360 Technical Aspects of Ceramic Design

(offered every fall) 3 credits. In this class, students study the chemistry and physics of the raw materials used in ceramic products, and the behavior of the materials during the different stages of production. The students become familiar with the different types and compositions of clay bodies, and with ceramic kilns and equipment operating principles.

*ARD 363 Technical Aspects of Materials II

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course is a continuation of ARD 263. Students research the technical aspects of alternative materials developed in response to issues regarding conservation, renewable and reusable resources, and recyclability. Students gain a pragmatic understanding of these new materials and how they can be used to the benefit of society and the environment.  Prerequisite:  ARD 263. *One cross-disciplinary Technical Aspects course may be substituted.

ARD 370 Human Factors and Ergonomics

(offered every fall) 2 credits. In this class, students study the interface between humans and the built environment. Course work includes the study of anthropometrics, ergonomics, proxemics, and human sensory and psychological response in relation to human-made objects and environments. Also explored are ADA specifications and regulations, and the principles of universal design and sustainable design.

ARD 395 Art & Design Project

(offered every spring) 4 credits. This class deepens the skills learned in ARD 329. The emphasis of the class is on individual professional development. Students choose project topics, prepare timetables and project plans, and produce a product, set of products, or piece(s) of art. Instructors approve the project topics. Students prepare a report of the project and complete a project portfolio using advanced presentation techniques. Students are encouraged to select a challenging and inspiring topic that generates individual expertise and lays the groundwork for subsequent professional projects. Prerequisite:  ARD 329.

ARD 403 Contemporary Issues in Art

(offered odd spring) 3 credits. This course is a senior-level discussion about the place of art and the artist in contemporary global culture. It explores questions such as: What are artists doing and saying now? What are the contexts in which they are responding? What kinds of new media and venues are being developed? The course explores the responsibility of artists (if any) to society, themselves, the environment, and the ecology of the planet.

ARD 422 Advanced Studio II

(offered every spring) 3 credits. In this course, the student is expected to arrive at a focus that is personal, well-informed, and articulate. The semester is devoted to working in the chosen focus to develop an artistic vision that encompasses one's background, environment, philosophy, and energy. This series of works expressing the student's refined individual style leads to the final senior project. Students complete the project, and prepare a professional-level portfolio and presentation. Illustration concentration students work through the entire illustration process in specific advertising, book, or editorial illustration projects to enhance conceptual abilities and technique with a career-oriented direction. Prerequisite:  ARD 322.

ARD 424 Studio Practices in Ceramic Design

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class focuses on advanced problem solving related to the process of creating ceramics. The aesthetics of clay as an expressive medium are explored. Prerequisites: ARD 224 and ARD 360.

ARD 425 Studio Practices in Fiber and Fashion Design

(offered every fall) 3 credits. Professional practices in design development and presentation for individual artists, small businesses, and industry are emphasized in this class. Students further develop their unique focus in fiber or fashion design, laying the foundation for their diploma works project.

ARD 427 Publications II

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class discusses methods of keeping design strategies flexible and appropriate in the midst of rapidly changing publishing practices, and examines some of the more complex pre-press production processes. The class is project-based but also includes instruction in an industrystandard page-layout program such as Adobe InDesign® and the execution of professional-quality publication mock-ups. Prerequisites: ARD 227 and ARD 327.

ARD 440 Multimedia Design

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course covers the concepts, theory, and practice of graphic design for multimedia presentations. Various industry-standard multimedia software applications are explored. Each student is expected to design and produce a multimedia presentation for a real or simulated project. Self-exploration of appropriate software applications is encouraged. Prerequisite:  ARD 341.

ARD 497 Diploma Works Seminar

(offered every fall) 1 credits. This seminar prepares students for ARD 499 Diploma Works. The student is introduced to the approaches, basic standards, and required guidelines for ARD 499 Diploma Works. Students plan their diploma works project and present it for approval. Requirement: Student must enroll in ARD 499 the following spring semester.

ARD 498 Art & Design Internship

(offered every semester) 6 credits. Art and Design Internship students are required to participate in a one-semester internship with a professional design firm or company. Students may also elect to study abroad in lieu of professional practice.

ARD 499 Diploma Works

(offered every spring) 6 credits. This is an intensive class in which the student researches, develops, and completes a final diploma works project with the supervision of a faculty member. Topics and requirements vary according to the student's focus. A paper and support materials that document the development of the work are required. Prerequisites: ARD 311, ARD 329, ARD 395, and ARD 497.

Biology

BIO 111 Concepts in Biology

(offered every semester)  4 credits. This course focuses on understanding the scientific process and basic concepts of modern biology. Topics include scientific inquiry, characteristics of life, diversity of organisms, basic biological chemistry, cell structure and function, photosynthesis and respiration, cell reproduction, and chromosomes and patterns of inheritance. Includes laboratory. No prerequisite required.

BIO 171 Anatomy and Physiology I

(offered every fall) 4 credits. This course provides a systematic review of the anatomy and physiology of the human body. Topics include basic biochemistry, cells, tissues, and body systems such as integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous. Includes laboratory. Prerequisites: two years of high school biology and/or chemistry or equivalent, or BIO 111, or permission of instructor.

BIO 172 Anatomy and Physiology II

(offered every spring) 4 credits. This course is a continuation of BIO 171. Body systems studied include endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, renal, and reproductive. Includes laboratory. Prerequisite: BIO 171.

BIO 211 Organismal Biology

(offered odd fall) 4 credits. The course covers theories related to the origin of life, the evolution of all living things, and the mechanisms of inheritance. A survey of the six kingdoms of organisms is included. Includes laboratory. No prerequisite.

BIO 273 Microbiology

(offered every spring) 4 credits. This course offers a introduction to medically important microorganisms. Topics include microbial growth and metabolism, methods of control, host-parasite interactions, and microbial disease of the human body. Includes laboratory. Prerequisite: BIO 172 or BIO 211.

BIO 300 Ecology and the Environment

(offered even fall) 4 credits. This course outlines the essential elements of ecology starting with a discussion of the nature and history of the discipline of ecology, followed by a brief review of the natural history of the planet. The course builds on these foundations by focusing on theoretical principles involved in the ecology of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Includes laboratory. Prerequisite: PHS 112 or permission of instructor.

Business

BUS 138 Fundamentals of Business

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course provides an introduction to business, management, and entrepreneurship. The student gains a basic understanding of the process of establishing a new business, the operational components and functions of a business, and the essentials of small business.

BUS 141 Business Communications

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course is an introduction to, and practice in, written and oral communication, communication theory related to business letters and reports, and the human relations approach to positive communication. Prerequisite: ENG 103.

BUS 201 Principles of Accounting I

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class covers the basic concepts, principles, and procedures of accounting, including methods of recording, reporting, and interpreting financial data.

BUS 202 Principles of Accounting II

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class, a continuation of BUS 201, focuses on partnership and corporate accounting. The statement of cash flows and financial statement analysis are also covered. Prerequisite: BUS 201.

BUS 205 Accounting with Computers

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course is an introduction to computerized applications used in the accounting cycle, including accounts payable, accounts receivable, and payroll. Prerequisite: BUS 202.

BUS 212 Business Ethics

(offered every spring) 3 credits. Business Ethics acquaints students with the major frameworks for ethical decision-making in the business professions. The focus is on ethical questions that can arise in the professional practice of business, and the relationships between professionals and clients, management, employees, stakeholders, and customers. Students use analytical tools to recognize and address contemporary ethical dilemmas in business organizations. Emphasis is placed on analyzing ethical theories and principles, and the central questions of ethics and morality. Students analyze and synthesize ethical theories that affect thinking, policy formulation, business decision making, and professional conduct.

BUS 235 Leadership and Team Skills

(offered every fall/spring) 3 credits. This class explores the leader's role and behavior in an effective organization; theories for assessing strengths and weaknesses of self, teammates, and subordinates; how to participate in and work with teams; and communication skills. Experiential exercises actively engage the student in learning the leadership process. Students employ adaptive leadership skills as they synthesize course concepts through guided community service activities.

BUS 240 E-Business

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course studies the impact of the Internet on business, the principles and concepts of e-commerce and doing business on the Web, Internet-focused marketing, operational transformation, formation of electronic markets, and the digital economy. It is an introduction to the World Wide Web, browsers, search engines, portals and Internet service providers, HTML and Web development tools, and Web site metering tools. It also covers the principles of Web site planning and design. Skills are developed for simple Web page development using common software packages. Prerequisites: CIS 202 or equivalent knowledge of computer systems, PC access and Internet account, or permission of instructor.

BUS 301 Intermediate Accounting I

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class is an in-depth study of the accounting cycle and the accepted standards that govern financial reporting. Topics include current assets, long-lived assets, and intangibles. Prerequisite: BUS 202.

BUS 302 Intermediate Accounting II

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class is a continuation of BUS 301. Topics include current liabilities, long-term investments, and stockholder equity. Prerequisite: BUS 301.

BUS 307 Management Information Systems

(offered every fall) 3 credits. The course covers strategic approaches to information systems decisions. Students are introduced to the role IT systems play in managing information as a resource, and using IT information for competitive advantage. Topics include a basic framework for understanding the relationships among business strategy, information systems, and organizational strategies. Students learn how IT relates to organizational design and business strategies, how to find opportunities for improvement in the work environment, and how to innovatively apply current technologies to leverage those opportunities. The course considers when to use off-shoring and outsourcing, treating IT systems from a portfolio management perspective, and issues of ethics, privacy protection, and security management. Prerequisite: CIS 202 or permission of instructor.

BUS 311 Production and Operations Management

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course provides business administration students with a sound understanding of the concepts, techniques, and applications of contemporary production and operations management. Regional and national needs for improvement in quality and productivity are discussed in terms of meeting the demands of a new millennium. Students acquire a body of knowledge and appreciation for production and operations as they relate to international competitiveness and survival in the global marketplace. Prerequisite: BUS 371 or permission of instructor.

BUS 315 Cost Accounting

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class studies how accounting information is used by managers to plan production and control the costs of a manufacturing operation. Topics include cost systems, cost elements, budgeting, profit planning, responsibility accounting, and standard cost. Prerequisite: BUS 202 or permission of instructor.

BUS 324 Income Tax Accounting

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class is an introduction to the study of federal income tax laws and how they apply to individuals, partnerships, and corporations. Prerequisite: BUS 202.

BUS 332 Business Finance

(offered every fall) 3 credits. The basic principles of the acquisition, management, and distribution of financial resources are presented. The emphasis is on small businesses. Prerequisites: MAT 130 or higher.

BUS 345 Principles of Marketing

(offered every fall) 3 credits. The course covers marketing principles, including classification of goods, retailing, wholesaling, physical distribution, personal selling, advertising, pricing, market forecasting and research, and the economic and legal environment in which a business enterprise functions. The emphasis is on small businesses.

BUS 346 Business Practices

(offered every fall) 3 credits. The course prepares students to develop a marketing, advertising, and public relations strategy for their own business endeavors or for a small business where they may work. Students develop a conversational knowledge of why and how a small business with limited resources can benefit from developing and implementing a plan. Practical techniques, as opposed to theory, are presented and discussed. This pragmatic approach helps students understand business fundamentals as they immediately apply them to new or existing small-scale business ventures.

BUS 350 Topics in Business

(offered every fall) 3 credits. Topics in this seminar-style course vary depending on the instructor. Issues addressed include current problems or dilemmas faced in the business world and their relationship to the student. Emphasis is on critical thinking, problem solving, and oral communication skills. Prerequisite: junior standing.

BUS 351 Sport Marketing

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course applies the principles of promotion and marketing for college and high school athletics, professional sports, corporate fitness clubs, and resorts. Prerequisite: BUS 345.

BUS 361 International Business Law

(offered every spring) 3 credits. Legal terminology, contracts, agencies, partnerships, corporations, property, negotiable instruments, sales, and court proceedings are examined. Prerequisite: sophomore standing.

BUS 371 Principles of Management

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course examines the evolution and function of management, including theory, technique, and social and environmental influences, and how management goals and strategies are set and attained.

BUS 374 Principles of Sports Management

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course is an analysis of effective management strategies and the body of knowledge associated with pursuing a career in sports management. Fundamental sports management principles and skills, and information on current issues are emphasized. The course introduces students to sports management career opportunities and sports principles as they relate to leadership style, communication, and motivation. Prerequisite: BUS 371.

BUS 381 Human Resource Management

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course provides an overview of contemporary strategies and best practices for the effective management of human resources in the public and private sectors. The course is framed by organizational theories that propose practical solutions to human resource operations in environments such as business, government, and not-for-profit agencies. Providing an analysis of the procedural and legal components of HR management, this course offers strategies to adjust for change while retaining effective systems. It examines how to manage human resources effectively in the dynamic legal, social, and economic environment of organizations. Topics include appraisal and evaluation of HRM systems; techniques for recruitment and selection, training and development, and performance appraisal; and industry standards in compensation and benefits. Prerequisite: BUS 371.

BUS 386 Organizational Behavior

(offered every spring) 3 credits. The class is an interdisciplinary study of the variables that affect work performance and how those principles can be applied in the workplace. Students discuss the micro- and macro-effects of the work environment on morale and explore the manager's role in employee motivation, leadership, team-building, conflict resolution, creating a positive culture, and implementing healthy change. Prerequisite: BUS 371.

BUS 388 International Business

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class studies the effective management of a multinational small business. Discussion includes how operating a business in foreign environments with differing cultures and philosophies influences entrepreneurs and small business managers. Prerequisite: BUS 371.

BUS 389 International Accounting

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course examines the international dimensions of financial accounting and analysis focusing on the nature of, and differences in, accounting and financial reporting for similar transactions in major countries around the world. The historical and contemporary forms of governmental influence in specific countries, the role and influence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on international accounting standards and their related impact on financial reporting, and various world-wide disclosure and analysis requirements are examined. Specific attention is given to inflation accounting, foreign currency transactions, methods for translating foreign financial statements, and the implementation of IFRS accounting standards. Prerequisite: BUS 302.

BUS 401 Advanced Accounting

(offered every spring) 3 credits. Advanced Accounting examines the specialized issues, problems, practices, and skills required when accounting for business combinations. Topics include preparing consolidated financial statements for organizations with branch offices, and for domestic corporations that are wholly- and/or partially-owned subsidiary operations. Transactions associated with international operations are also discussed. Prerequisite: BUS 302.

BUS 411 Financial Management

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class presents a basic "nuts and bolts" background to the principles of finance. Comprehensive exposure to capital acquisition, capital investment, and working capital are covered. Prerequisite: MTH 130.

BUS 420 Auditing

(offered every spring) 3 credits. The course studies the attest functions of public accounting. Topics include professional ethics, generally accepted auditing standards, internal control, and the design of audit programs. Prerequisite: BUS 302.

BUS 371 Principles of Management

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course examines the evolution and function of management, including theory, technique, and social and environmental influences, and how management goals and strategies are set and attained.

BUS 374 Principles of Sports Management

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course is an analysis of effective management strategies and the body of knowledge associated with pursuing a career in sports management. Fundamental sports management principles and skills, and information on current issues are emphasized. The course introduces students to sports management career opportunities and sports principles as they relate to leadership style, communication, and motivation. Prerequisite: BUS 371.

BUS 381 Human Resource Management

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course provides an overview of contemporary strategies and best practices for the effective management of human resources in the public and private sectors. The course is framed by organizational theories that propose practical solutions to human resource operations in environments such as business, government, and not-for-profit agencies. Providing an analysis of the procedural and legal components of HR management, this course offers strategies to adjust for change while retaining effective systems. It examines how to manage human resources effectively in the dynamic legal, social, and economic environment of organizations. Topics include appraisal and evaluation of HRM systems; techniques for recruitment and selection, training and development, and performance appraisal; and industry standards in compensation and benefits. Prerequisite: BUS 371.

BUS 386 Organizational Behavior

(offered every spring) 3 credits. The class is an interdisciplinary study of the variables that affect work performance and how those principles can be applied in the workplace. Students discuss the micro- and macro-effects of the work environment on morale and explore the manager's role in employee motivation, leadership, team-building, conflict resolution, creating a positive culture, and implementing healthy change. Prerequisite: BUS 371.

BUS 388 International Business

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class studies the effective management of a multinational small business. Discussion includes how operating a business in foreign environments with differing cultures and philosophies influences entrepreneurs and small business managers. Prerequisite: BUS 371.

BUS 389 International Accounting

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course examines the international dimensions of financial accounting and analysis focusing on the nature of, and differences in, accounting and financial reporting for similar transactions in major countries around the world. The historical and contemporary forms of governmental influence in specific countries, the role and influence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on international accounting standards and their related impact on financial reporting, and various world-wide disclosure and analysis requirements are examined. Specific attention is given to inflation accounting, foreign currency transactions, methods for translating foreign financial statements, and the implementation of IFRS accounting standards. Prerequisite: BUS 302.

BUS 401 Advanced Accounting

(offered every spring) 3 credits. Advanced Accounting examines the specialized issues, problems, practices, and skills required when accounting for business combinations. Topics include preparing consolidated financial statements for organizations with branch offices, and for domestic corporations that are wholly- and/or partially-owned subsidiary operations. Transactions associated with international operations are also discussed. Prerequisite: BUS 302.

BUS 411 Financial Management

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class presents a basic "nuts and bolts" background to the principles of finance. Comprehensive exposure to capital acquisition, capital investment, and working capital are covered. Prerequisite: MTH 130.

BUS 420 Auditing

(offered every spring) 3 credits. The course studies the attest functions of public accounting. Topics include professional ethics, generally accepted auditing standards, internal control, and the design of audit programs. Prerequisite: BUS 302.

BUS 434 Global Finance

(offered every spring) 3 credits. Global Finance topics include foreign exchange markets, global money and capital markets, and international risk exposures and their management. Prerequisite: BUS 411.

BUS 435 Entrepreneurial Leadership

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course develops an entrepreneurial mindset, empowering students to transform their vision for the future into reality. Students develop self-leadership to augment personal effectiveness, improve critical communication skills to reinforce important relationships, and explore strategies for bridging the gap between ideas and results. Prerequisite: BUS 235.

BUS 447 International Marketing

(offered every spring) 3 credits. The course studies the development and implementation of a marketing strategy in a global setting. Topics include how to devise a mission, utilize limited resources, and design and measure the effectiveness of an international marketing plan. Prerequisite: BUS 345.

BUS 451 International Investment

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course explores the various financial goals, investment objectives, and investment constraints that are considered when making investment decisions. Investment objectives, and the uncertain environment in which choices are made, are analyzed in terms of how they influence investment product choices. The course begins with an overview of financial markets and financial instruments, followed by detailed discussions of topics including common concepts in formulation of investment policies, fundamental and technical security analysis, and portfolio strategy. Measurement of investment risks and rewards, understanding human behavior, locating and using current investment information, and planning and managing a personal investment portfolio are also covered. Prerequisite: BUS 411 or permission of instructor.

BUS 452 Sports Law

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class is a survey of the legal issues associated with what is commonly referred to as sports law. Laws affecting a range of sports-related activities are examined, including application of contract law to sports relationships; standard form contracts in sports; the doctrine of restraint of trade; competition law as applied to sports; internal regulation of sports including topics such as discipline, natural justice, and rights of athletes; civil and criminal liability arising from participation in and management of sports; the internationalization of sports law; and dispute resolution in sports. Prerequisite: BUS 361.

BUS 453 Athletic Administration and International Sport

(offered every spring) 3 credits. In part one of this course, the management of amateur athletics is introduced, including a review of the organizational structures of intercollegiate athletic departments, conferences, and the NCAA. In part two, the class analyzes, in light of an expanding global sport industry, the organization and management of international sport, including the European "Club" structure and Olympic movements.

BUS 454 Facility and Game Event Management

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class offers an overview of the operation, management, and financing of public and private assembly facilities, including arenas, coliseums, and stadiums. Also covered are the elements of managing sport games and events. Prerequisite: BUS 374.

BUS 453 Athletic Administration and International Sport

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class is an introduction to the management of amateur athletics, including a review of the organizational structures of intercollegiate athletic departments, conferences, and the NCAA. The organization and management of international sports organizations are analyzed, including the European "Club" structure and Olympic movements. Prerequisite: BUS 374.

BUS 481 Quantitative Methods for Business Decision-Making

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class studies the application of linear programming, network models, and forecasting models, and presents simulations of various problems encountered by smaller businesses. Prerequisite: MTH 130.

BUS 488 Business Strategies

(offered every spring) 3 credits. Through case studies, in this course students analyze each major business function in terms of how the function is integrated into the particular business. The course impels students to synthesize their knowledge and create better, more positive strategies for business success. Prerequisites: BUS 345 and BUS 371.

BUS 498 Business Internship

(offered every semester)  6 credits. For the Business Internship, individual employers accept students for participation in job activities that meet the objectives of the International School of Business, the employer, and the student. A learning agreement is developed between the student and a faculty mentor, who then ensures that the student's knowledge is applied and utilized in the work setting. Prerequisite: junior or senior standing.

BUS 499 Senior Thesis or Project in Business

(offered every semester)  6 credits. The end product of this class is a comprehensive and integrated research paper and presentation focusing on a topic of interest to the student. This thesis or project is intended to demonstrate the student's capacity to synthesize and apply knowledge from an organizational perspective. Prerequisites: senior standing and permission of instructor.

Chemistry

CHM 121 Chemistry and Society

(offered odd spring) 4 credits. This course introduces basic chemistry principles such as elements, compounds and mixtures, atomic structures and periodic properties, chemical bonding, aqueous solutions, acids and bases, and energy relationships. The chemistry concepts are discussed in the context of important societal issues, such as clean air and water, global climate change, acid rain, ozone depletion, and biotechnology. Includes laboratory. Prerequisite: MAT 140.

CHM 131 Chemistry of Artists' Materials

(offered every spring) 4 credits. This course covers the basics of chemistry, including elements, compounds, atoms, chemical bonding, the periodic table, acid-base and oxidation-reduction reactions, and basic inorganic and organic chemistry. The concepts are studied in the context of artists' materials: paints and dyes, paper, fibers and plastics, metals and alloys, ceramics and glass. Light and color of materials are examined. Includes laboratory. This class is open only to Art and Design students or by permission of instructor.

CHM 145 Chemistry of Living Systems

(offered every fall) 3 credits. The focus of this course is the chemical basis of life processes. It surveys general chemistry and organic chemistry, then focuses on biochemistry. Specific topics include atomic and molecular structure, chemical change, organic compounds, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, metabolism, and hormones. It is assumed that students have some background in science. Prerequisite: a minimum of two years of high school science (chemistry, biology, and/or physics). Alternately, students should complete at least one college science course with a significant chemistry component, such as CHM 121 or BIO 111.

Computer Information Systems

CIS 102 Introductory Computer Applications

(offered every semester) 3 credits. The course includes an overview of how computers work, computer terminology and concepts, and the use of a computer as a tool in various disciplines. The course provides extensive coverage of the use of Microsoft Office® 2007 software for problem solving and decisionmaking. Applications include Word, Excel, Access, and PowerPoint. Students create documents, worksheets, databases, and presentations suitable for coursework, professional purposes, and personal use. Also included is information about Microsoft Office® Outlook, communications and scheduling software, creating Web pages, and the integration of software applications with the World Wide Web.

CIS 202 Intermediate Computer Applications

(offered every semester) 3 credits. This course builds on basic student knowledge of Microsoft Office® 2007 software. The course covers the advanced features of Word, Excel, and PowerPoint, including integration among them and with the Internet. Students work with various business situations and are required to use problem-solving, criticalthinking, and hands-on computer skills to design documents for each situation. Prerequisite: CIS 102 or equivalent, or permission from the instructor.

CIS 350 Topics in Computer Information Systems

(offered as needed) 3 credits. This class covers the use of the Internet as a resource and the common software packages frequently used for Internet problem solving and decision-making.

Computer Technology

CPT 202 Digital Applications and Technologies for Life

(offered every semester) 3 credits. This course provides training in the application of digital technologies, including computers, digital video and cameras, courseware and software, Web site development, blogging, podcasting, and others. Internet safety, intellectual property rights, and ethical issues associated with Internet use are examined. Students develop a multimedia project incorporating four of the digital technologies learned in the course.

Communications

COM 108 Fundamentals of Public Speaking

(offered every semester) 2 credits. This course focuses on the preparation and delivery of informative and persuasive speeches in the classroom and beyond. Covered are basic rhetorical principles to enrich understanding, analysis of professional speeches to inform, speaking and listening competencies, and the practice of sound ethics.

Criminal Justice

CRJ 101 Introduction to Criminal Justice

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This introductory course covers the traditional components of the criminal justice system including police, courts, and corrections, along with discussion of the general influences of community, family, legislation, and victims' rights groups on the criminal justice system.

CRJ 104 Police Operations

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class studies the roles and responsibilities of the police officer during the activity of patrol. It includes discussion of the types of patrols, and the role of an officer in traffic stops, prowler calls, felonies in progress, suicide, hostage calls, and group disturbances. Prerequisite: CRJ 101 or permission of instructor.

CRJ 105 Juvenile Delinquency

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course explores issues of juvenile delinquency, factors contributing to delinquency, and societal and governmental attempts to prevent and control delinquent behavior. The role of the juvenile court and juvenile corrections is examined.

CRJ 131 Private Security

(offered as needed) 3 credits. This class studies the role of security in society, and surveys the physical and personnel aspects of security. Prerequisite: CRJ 101 or permission of instructor.

CRJ 140 Corrections

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class is an introduction to the correctional system. The types of correctional institutions are identified and discussed, from boot camps through super-max security prisons. The functions of parole and probation are identified and explored in depth. The many career paths within the correctional system are also addressed. Prerequisite: CRJ 101 or permission of instructor.

CRJ 190 Emergency Management

(offered odd spring) 3 credits. This class discusses local and national emergency management procedures as they relate to natural and man-made disasters, with an emphasis on terrorism. Prerequisite: CRJ 101 or permission of instructor.

CRJ 201 Criminal Investigation

(offered every spring) 3 credits. The fundamentals of investigative techniques such as surveillance, search at the crime scene, developing sources of information, collecting and preserving evidence, and modern methods of investigation and police operations are studied. Prerequisites: CRJ 101 and CRJ 104 or CRJ 140, or permission of instructor.

CRJ 203 Client Growth and Development

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course discusses the differences between normal and criminal behavior, explores the causes and development of criminal behavior, and identifies specific problems and interventions as they relate to offenders. Treatment options and community alternatives to institutionalization are also discussed. Prerequisite: CRJ 101 or permission of instructor.

CRJ 205 Criminal Law

(offered every fall) 3 credits. Criminal Law studies the elements, purposes, and functions of criminal law. Also covered are sources of criminal law, contempt and conspiracy, criminal responsibility, defenses to crime, laws of arrest, search and seizure, and other laws. Actual cases are studied. Prerequisite: CRJ 101 or permission of instructor.

CRJ 208 Criminal Procedures

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class is a study of the fundamentals of criminal procedures including the elements of a crime, legal implications related to rules of evidence, search, seizure, arrest, interview, interrogation, and court presentation. Prerequisite: CRJ 205 or permission of instructor.

CRJ 210 Professional Communications in Criminal Justice

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course instructs the student in interview and interrogation techniques for witnesses, victims, and suspects in the criminal justice system. Also covered are report writing, construction of search and arrest warrants, and testifying in court. Prerequisite: CRJ 101 or permission of instructor.

CRJ 212 Criminology

(offered even fall) 3 credits. This class analyzes the nature, causes, and distribution of crime; societal factors in crime and delinquency; theoretical explanations of crime; and contemporary social responses. Prerequisite: CRJ 101 or permission of instructor.

CRJ 250 Topics in Criminal Justice

(offered as needed) 3 credits. This course gives students an opportunity for in-depth exploration of an aspect of the field of criminal justice not dealt with extensively in other criminal justice courses. Topics may include Drugs in the Community, Crime in America, History of the Criminal Justice System, and Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice.

CRJ 251 Murder in the U.S.

(offered even spring) 3 credits. Using an interdisciplinary theoretical approach, this course addresses the issues of violence and homicide in the United States. The class examines past and present murder patterns, different types of crimes associated with murders committed by intimates and/or former intimates, and serial and mass murderers. Victim and murder typologies, and tools of death are examined. The subject of capital punishment in the U.S. is discussed.

CRJ 287, CRJ 288 Fieldwork in Criminal Justice

(offered every semester) 3 credits. In this class, individual organizations accept students for participation in job activities that meet the objectives of both the Criminal Justice Program and the employer. Participation is detailed in a student learning agreement developed with the appropriate faculty member. Prerequisite: sophomore standing.

Drama

DRM 113, 114, 213, 214, 313, 314 Theater Production

(offered every semester) 3 credits. In Theater Production students participate in all phases of the production of a twice-yearly Finlandia University play. Class activities typically involve cooperation with children and adults in the community.

DRM 250 Topics in Theater

(offered as needed) 1-3 credits. This course offers students an opportunity to explore a fine arts sub-genre or theme not covered in regular survey courses.

Economics

ECN 231 Microeconomics

(offered every fall) 3 credits. Microeconomics is a social science that studies the choices that individuals, businesses, governments, and entire societies make when coping with scarcity, and the incentives that influence and reconcile those choices. In this very broad subject, which touches all aspects of human lives, students go beyond the definition of microeconomics to understand the types of questions economists try to answer, the way economists think, and how they go about seeking answers. Students learn how choices end up determining what, how, and for whom goods and services are produced, and when choices made in pursuit of self-interest also promote social interest.

ECN 232 Macroeconomics

(offered every spring) 3 credits. Macroeconomics is a social science that studies how the nation's overall economy works. It introduces students to the theoretical and practical principles that drive national markets relative to production, prices, business and government policy decision-making, and consumer behavior. Topics include recessions, economic growth cycles and growth rates, inflation, consumption, saving and savings, taxes, fiscal and monetary policy, and national and trade deficits.

ECN 331 Global Economy

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class is an introduction to the elements that make up today's global economy, including regional economic patterns and trends of change for the 21st century. Prerequisites: ECN 231 and ECN 232.

ECN 350 Topics in Economics

(offered as needed) 3 credits. This course investigates in greater depth aspects of economics not covered or only lightly touched on in other economics courses. Topics may include The European Union, The Less-Developed Country in the World Economy, U.S. Trade Policies and Asia, Contemporary Economic Problems, or the Environment and Economics.

ECN 351 Managerial Economics

(offered every fall) 3 credits. Managerial Economics studies the coordination of economic theory with managerial practices. Topics include consumer demand, production functions, cost behavior, output determination, and pricing within various market structures. Prerequisites: ECN 231, ECN 232, and MAT 130.

ECN 332 Sports Economics

(offered every spring) 3 credits. In this course, economic concepts are applied to sports and the management of sports franchises. Topics include sports organization, team financing, player compensation, labor economics, labor relations, team policies, the organization and structure of sports franchises as profitmaximizing entities, competition within the industry, college sports, and the costs and benefits of a franchise to a city. Prerequisites: ECN 231 and ECN 232.

Education

EDU 101 Foundations of Education

(offered every semester 3 credits. This class offers students the opportunity to explore the teaching profession. The student studies the teaching process, including the education of teachers, their role, the nature of the learners, the history and control of American education, and the rewards and frustrations of the profession.

EDU 156 Physical Education Methods for Elementary School Teachers

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class helps elementary education students understand the principles and practices of health and physical education as applied to individual development of personal and social skills. Topics include the use of health and physical education activities to promote life long fitness, safety practices associated with physical activities, movement exploration, and the development of a child's positive self-concept through physical education. Prerequisite: EDU 101.

EDU 201 Educational Psychology

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course explores issues related to learning theory, human growth and development, and school reform efforts. An overview of models of teaching, discipline theories, and the purpose and processes of assessment are provided. A field experience is required. Prerequisite: EDU 101 with a grade of "B-" or higher, PSY 201, and sophomore standing.

EDU 202 Digital Portfolio

(offered every spring) 1 credit. This course guides students in the use of current technologies to develop a discipline-specific digital portfolio that displays creative design and contains samples of work that demonstrate integrated learning, not only in the use of technology, but in the habits of thinking and the practices that cultivate those habits. The portfolios are stored and presented as Web sites, with clear and thoughtful links that demonstrate student understanding of the relationships he or she has built through education coursework and individual achievements. This course must be taken concurrently with EDU 201.

EDU 203 - Digital Technologies and Applications for Teachers

3 credits. This course presents an overview of the use of technology in education, including online safety, productivity tools, software evaluation, and equipment proficiency. Students employ emerging technologies in the classroom environment by designing lesson plans and sharing practical ways to incorporate technology into the classroom curriculum using a weekly 'blog.' Prerequisite: CIS 102.

EDU 301 Methods of Teaching Language Arts

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course is the study and exploration of methods integrating children's literature with the language art skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Activities to enhance language arts development are designed and evaluated. The class includes a scheduled field experience in addition to regular class meetings. This course must be taken concurrently with EDU 302 and EDU 311. Prerequisites: EDU 201 and admission into the Elementary Education program.

EDU 302 Methods of Teaching Social Studies

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course examines the objectives, methods, content, and instructional materials used in the teaching of social studies in elementary school. Critical thinking, problem solving, cultural diversity, cooperative learning, and integrating social studies across disciplines are emphasized. A field experience is required. This course must be taken concurrently with EDU 301 and EDU 311. Prerequisites: EDU 201 and admission into the Elementary Education program.

EDU 303 Methods of Teaching Math

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course is a study of the content, problems, and methods of teaching mathematics in the elementary school. Curriculum design, lesson preparation, and the context for learning are emphasized within the framework of national and state standards. Problem solving, the use of technology, and assessment are also included. The class includes a scheduled field experience in addition to regular class meetings. This course must be taken concurrently with EDU 304 and EDU 312. Prerequisites: EDU 301, EDU 302, and EDU 311.

EDU 304 Methods of Teaching Science

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course is a study of the content, problems, and methods of teaching science in the elementary school. Curriculum design, lesson preparation, and the context for learning are emphasized within the framework of national and state standards. Problem solving, the use of technology, and assessment are also included. The class includes a scheduled field experience in addition to regular class meetings. This course must be taken concurrently with EDU 303 and EDU 312. Prerequisites: EDU 301, EDU 302, and EDU 311.

EDU 311 Methods of Teaching Reading I

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course studies the major philosophies, approaches, and techniques of reading instruction. It examines the reading process, the development of reading competence, and the teaching of reading through content areas. Current reading research is surveyed. A field experience is required. This course must be taken concurrently with EDU 301 and EDU 302. Prerequisites: EDU 201 and admission into the Elementary Education program.

EDU 312 Methods of Teaching Reading II

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course further studies the reading process by examining the factors that contribute to difficulties in reading, the diagnostic techniques used in assessing reading problems, and the methods of evaluating student progress. Organization and management of classroom reading programs and strategies for meeting the needs of exceptional and minority students are investigated. A field experience is required. This course must be taken concurrently with EDU 303 and EDU 304. Prerequisites: EDU 301, EDU 302, and EDU 311.

EDU 401 Teaching of Art, Music, and Theater

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course examines the methods and materials used in the visual arts, music, and theater fields that are essential to the development of artistic and musical creativity. Basic skills and practical work experience are included in this preparation for teaching art, music, and theater in elementary education. Prerequisites: EDU 303, EDU 304, and EDU 312.

EDU 411 Teaching of Exceptional Children

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course is a general introduction to the characteristics of exceptional learners and their education. Emphasis is on classroom practices and the psychological, sociological, and medical aspects of disabilities and giftedness. Prerequisites: EDU 303, EDU 304, and EDU 312.

EDU 421 Education, Media, and Technology

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course updates student knowledge and skills in current educational technologies and applies this learning for use in elementary education. Applications include methods of using computers and audio-visual technologies in the selection and assessment of instructional media, materials, courseware and software, literacy development, content area, and instructional management. Research about the educational impact of using computer and audio-visual technologies are presented and discussed. A field experience is required. Prerequisites: CPT 202, EDU 303, EDU 304, and EDU 312.

EDU 498 Student Teaching Internship

(offered every semester) 11 credits. This is a supervised practicum in which students engage in planned instruction and other responsibilities of the teacher as a professional educator and reflective practitioner. Placement is primarily in schools located in Keweenaw, Houghton, Baraga, and Ontonagon counties. Students must have transportation. EDU 498, taken concurrently with EDU 499, is considered a full load. No other classes may be taken concurrently. Students follow the calendar of the school district, not the university. Prerequisite: Successful completion of the requirements for student teaching.

EDU 499 Student Teaching Seminar

(offered every semester) 1 credits. The Student Teaching Seminar meets weekly during the student teaching experience. Elementary Education faculty members and other students who are teaching discuss and explore the challenges, experiences, and difficulties encountered in the student teaching experience. This seminar must be taken concurrently with EDU 498 and requires successful completion of both the written and oral exit interview portfolio requirements. Prerequisite: Successful completion of the requirements for student teaching.

English

ENG 101 Basic Grammar and Composition

(offered every fall) 3 credits. In the first half of this class students write different types of paragraphs; in the second half, students write essays. Designed for developmental writers, the class covers grammar and includes the reading of essays.

ENG 103 College English I

(offered every semester) 4 credits. This class is designed to improve reading, writing, and speaking abilities. The emphasis is on writing essays and the analysis of essays and major literary works.

ENG 104 College English II

(offered every semester) 4 credits. This class builds on the skills acquired in ENG 103. The emphasis is on writing essays and completing a research paper. Critical and analytical reading skills are used in discussing complex literary works. Prerequisite: ENG 103 or permission of instructor.

ENG 201 College Grammar and Composition

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class studies college-level grammar and punctuation and their relationship to stylistics, and strengthens student knowledge of English structure. Students review the rules that govern the English language and create examples. Short compositions are composed in a variety of modes, making use of the elements of the sentence, the paragraph, and the short essay. Prerequisite: ENG 103 or permission of instructor.

ENG 219 Creative Writing

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class is an introduction to the writing of fiction, poetry, and the literary essay. It includes a variety of readings to support student writing. Prerequisite: sophomore standing, or completion of ENG 104, or permission of instructor.

ENG 233 Survey of American Literature

(offered odd fall) 3 credits. This is a survey of American literature in an historical context from its beginning to the present. The course introduces the student to literary movements and major writers. Prerequisite: ENG 103 or permission of instructor.

ENG 243 Survey of English Literature

(offered even fall) 3 credits. This is a chronological survey of English literature from Beowulf to Modernism, concentrating on major figures and works. Prerequisite: ENG 103 or permission of instructor.

ENG 263 Survey of European Literature

(offered as needed) .3 credits. This is a survey of continental European literature from the ancient world to the present. Prerequisite: ENG 103 or permission of instructor.

ENG 291 Film as Art

(offered odd spring) 3 credits. This course evaluates films of different genres and introduces film history and the terminology of film criticism. Prerequisite: ENG 104 or permission of instructor.

ENG 320 Survey of the English Language

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course examines how linguistics, literacy, and history shape and reshape the English language. Students are introduced to various components of English, including discourse, pragmatics, grammar, communication, semantics, phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon. Prerequisite: ENG 104 or equivalent.

ENG 322 Children's Literature

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class is a survey of children's literature in a historical context with emphasis on genre, thematic content, and criteria for selection. Prerequisite: ENG 104.

ENG 332 Great Books of the United States: American Literary Landscape

(offered even fall) 3 credits. This class focuses on reading and discussing major American writers such as Twain, Thoreau, Cather, Fitzgerald, Faulkner, and Plath. Students examine how these authors use the American landscape to create fictional environments that range from disharmonic inner realities to realistic regional portrayals. Prerequisite: ENG 104.

ENG 350 Topics in Literature or English

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course offers the student the opportunity to explore a subgenre or theme in literature not found in the regular survey courses. Topics may include (but are not limited to) mythology; Scandinavian, African, African- American, and Native American literature; magical and social realism; and the literature of work, revolution, war and peace, utopia, and western America. Prerequisite: ENG 104.

ENG 403 Cultures in Conflict

(offered odd spring) 3 credits. This class studies major conflicts around the globe, and analyzes their effects on human societies and the environment. This class focuses on literary works written in English by under-represented writers, exploring territories as diverse as an urban ghetto in South America, a rural village in Africa, or a Maori community in New Zealand. Texts may include historical analyses, fiction, poetry, literary journalism, and drama. Prerequisite: ENG 104.

Environmental Studies

ENV 202/HUM 202 Intro. to Environmental Studies

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course incorporates ecology, art, literature, and ethics, giving students a hands-on appreciation of the human relationship with the natural world through field trips, academic study, and personal reflection. The class introduces students to environmental challenges at the personal, regional, and global levels.

ENV 213 Outdoor Recreation Skills and Leadership

(offered as needed) 2 credits. This course includes field trips to Copper Country historical sites, the use of maps and a compass, campfire building, fishing, orienteering, biking, and identification of rocks, trees, and wildlife. It meets the first 7-1/2 weeks of the semester.

ENV 401 Environmental Policy and Law

(offered even fall) 3 credits. This course examines the role of government and citizens in formulating, implementing, and enforcing environmental policy. Students investigate the formal and informal mechanisms involved in controlling pollution and protecting the environment. The pros and cons of regulatory and economic approaches to pollution control are considered. Prerequisite: ECN 232.

ENV 411 Issues in Environmental Science

(offered odd fall) 3 credits. This course examines the science-related and social implications of globally significant environmental issues. Topics include rural and urban planning, benefit-cost analysis, environmental impact analysis, environmental systems analysis, and model development. Case study sites are local, regional, national, and international. Prerequisites: CHM 121, or PHS 112, or permission of the instructor.

English as a Second Language

ESL 101 Reading II

(offered every fall) 4 credits. This class is designed for students whose first language is not English. Required reading introduces students to a broad range of texts, from simple stories and articles with basic vocabulary to more advanced readings, including current newspaper and magazine articles. Through reading, writing about what is read, and discussing the readings, students increase their vocabulary and comprehension of written English. Readings also introduce students to American culture and traditions. A lab provides additional reading comprehension practice.

ESL 102 Writing II

(offered every fall) 4 credits. This class is designed for students whose first language is not English. The class helps students develop their expression of ideas and opinions in written English with clarity and fluency. Students are encouraged to write thoughtfully and skillfully. Development of these goals is encouraged through a process approach to writing.

ESL 104 Conversation II

(offered every fall) 4 credits. This class introduces students from other countries to conversational English. In a wide variety of settings- with friends, at school, and in the community- students learn strategies to communicate more effectively in English. Whenever possible, learning takes place in "real world" situations. Students take field trips to local parks, stores, and businesses, interview Americans, view videos, role play, learn new vocabulary, and practice pronunciation. Topics include American culture and customs, holidays, history, and American idioms and slang. Emphasis is on developing communication skills and fluency.

ESL 105 Grammar I

(offered as needed) 3 credits. This is a beginning-level grammar course designed for the non-native speaker of English. In incremental steps, the course presents English grammatical structures in small, manageable units. Students are introduced to the forms, meanings, and usage of basic sentence structures, punctuation, and vocabulary. Students learn the basics of English grammar through contextualized and communicative exercises using interactive and communicative approaches to language learning.

ESL 111 Reading III

(offered every spring) 4 credits. A continuation of ESL 101, ESL 111 emphasizes the reading tools students need to participate in mainstream English courses at North American universities. Critical and creative thinking skills are encouraged as students expand their vocabulary and learn to comprehend written English from a variety of perspectives. Reading selections include both fiction and nonfiction with varied cultural content. Students discuss and write about what they read. A lab provides individualized readings for additional comprehension practice, and students give brief oral presentations on these readings.

ESL 112 Writing III

(offered every spring) 4 credits. A continuation of ESL 102, this class helps students better understand the expectations of American academic writing in various fields. Focus is on developing clear, well-supported arguments in grammatically correct English. Students practice summarizing outside sources to learn how to avoid plagiarism. Readings and writing assignments enhance the student's understanding of American culture, history, and politics.

ESL 114 Conversation III

(offered every spring) 4 credits. A continuation of ESL 104, this class emphasizes communication, fluency, and accuracy. In class and in the community, students practice presenting more formal academic presentations with emphasis on proper pronunciation. Students are encouraged to increase their understanding of verbal and nonverbal communication and become proactive listeners.

Finnish Studies

FNS 151 Elementary Finnish I

(offered every fall) 4 credits. In this course students learn the basics of the Finnish language. Class work is based heavily on the oral skills of pronunciation and speaking. Grammar, vocabulary, hearing exercises, and written skills are also covered. This class may only be taken for credit. Tervetuloa!

FNS 152 Elementary Finnish II

(offered every spring) 4 credits. This course deepens understanding of the Finnish language. Students learn additional vocabulary, practice oral communication skills, and write short essays. Grammar and hearing exercises are also part of the course. This class may only be taken for credit. Prerequisite: FNS 151 or equivalent.

FNS 251 Intermediate Finnish I

(offered every fall)4 credits. The main emphasis of this class is on oral and written Finnish. Grammar, vocabulary, hearing, and reading comprehension exercises are part of the course. Students plan and present a 20-minute oral project at the conclusion of the class. This class may only be taken for credit. Prerequisite: FNS 152 or equivalent.

FNS 252 Intermediate Finnish II

(offered every spring) 4 credits. The main emphasis of this class is on oral and written Finnish. Grammar, vocabulary, hearing, and reading comprehension exercises are part of the course. Students plan and present a 20-minute oral project at the conclusion of the class. The project is presented to the first-year Finnish language class. This class may only be taken for credit. Prerequisite: FNS 251 or equivalent.

FNS 321 History and Culture of Finland

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course explores the country of Finland and its many aspects. Students gain an understanding of Finland as a modern nation. Topics include major historical periods of Finland, lifestyle, culture and mentality, education, politics and society, nature, and population.

FNS 350 Topics in Finnish Studies

(offered as needed) 3 credits. This course offers the student the opportunity to study a particular aspect of Finnish culture or society. Topics may include Finnish literature in translation, Finnish film, study of Finland's national epic The Kalevala, and others.

French

FRN 199 General Education Req. Fulfilled By Transfer. This designation is for courses in the French language transferred to Finlandia University.

Geography

GEO 201 World Regional Geography

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course is a study of world regions, with emphasis on the interrelationships between the physical and human cultural components of geography.

GEO 202 Geography of North America

(offered even fall) 3 credits. This course analyzes the physical, political, economic, and social aspects of North America's geography, with strong emphasis on the opportunities and problems resulting from the distribution of people and resources on the continent.

GEO 350 Topics in Geography

(offered as needed) 3 credits. This course gives students an opportunity to investigate in greater depth aspects of the field of geography not covered extensively in other survey courses. Topics may include cultural or economic geography, the geography of Africa, the Pacific Rim, Europe, Michigan, and others.

German

GRM 151 Elementary German I

(offered every fall) 4 credits. In this course, pronunciation, easy conversation, and basic grammar of the German language are covered. The emphasis is on basic patterns of language and vocabulary.

GRM 152 Elementary German II

(offered every spring) 4 credits. This course is a continuation of GRM 151. Pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and written and oral communication skills are covered. An overview of German culture is also presented. Prerequisite: GRM 151 or equivalent.

Health Sciences

HSC 112 Medical Terminology

(offered every fall and spring) 1 credits. This online course introduces the student to the professional vocabulary of medical terms. Recognition, correct spelling, and pronunciation of medical terms are presented as they relate to the diagnosis, pathology, and treatment of the major body systems.

HSC 200 Nutrition and Health

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course introduces the student to the role of nutrition, exercise, and health behaviors in health promotion and disease prevention across the age continuum. Emphasis is on understanding the basic biological mechanisms through which adequate nutrition and exercise promote wellness. Prerequisite: BIO 111 or permission of the instructor.

HSC 260 Pathological Conditions

(offered every fall) 2 credits. In this class, major pathophysiologic concepts are studied, from the cellular level to the resultant abnormal functioning of the organ systems. Topics include inflammation, immunity, neoplasia and allergy, and the most commonly acquired and hereditary diseases. In particular, disorders commonly encountered by practicing physical therapist assistants are emphasized. Concepts from anatomy and physiology provide the foundation for exploring human dysfunction. Prerequisites: BIO 171 and BIO 172, or equivalent, with grades of "C" or better.

History

HIS 103 History of Art I

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class examines sculpture, architecture, and painting from pre-history through the medieval periods of Western Civilization. It also explores the arts of non- Western cultures.

HIS 203 History of Art II

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class explores sculpture, architecture, painting, and other art forms of Western and non-Western cultures from the Renaissance period to the late 19th century. Prerequisite: HIS 103 or permission of instructor.

HIS 205 World Civilizations I

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course is a survey of the development of civilizations in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas from their earliest beginnings to the early 17th century. The origins and evolution of political, religious, economic, and cultural ideas and institutions are studied.

HIS 206 World Civilizations II

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class is a survey of the major developments in world civilizations over the past four hundred years. Strong emphasis is placed on the effects of industrial and political revolutions, population growth and urbanization, transportation and communication improvements, colonialism and the nation-state system, and the world of the 21st century. The effects of change on the arts are included.

HIS 211 History of the United States to 1865

(offered even fall) 3 credits. This class covers the Age of Discovery to the Civil War: the Colombian Exchange, the colonial era, the American Revolution, the Constitution and the new nation, expansion, slavery, sectionalism, reform movements, and the Civil War.

HIS 212 History of the United States since 1865 credits.

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class covers the Civil War to the present, emphasizing political, social, and economic changes due to industrialization, population migration, and the emergence of the United States as a world power. Michigan history is incorporated.

HIS 303 History of Art III

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course is a survey of major movements and modern perspectives in 20th century art. These include Cubism/Dada, Russian Avant-Garde, German Expressionism, Surrealism, the Bauhaus, American Modernism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop, Post-pop, Conceptual and New-Conceptualism, Earth and Performance Art, Minimalism and Post-Minimalism, and Media Art consisting of photography, video and computer generated imagery. The social and political context of each is examined. Prerequisite: HIS 203 or permission of instructor.

HIS 350 Topics in History

(offered as needed) 3 credits. This course offers the student an opportunity to explore topics either not found or only lightly touched on in survey history courses. Topics may include U.S. History from the 1960s to the 1990s, nationalism in the modern world, modern Russian history, oral history, and history of the Upper Peninsula and the Copper Country.

HIS 406 History of Design

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course covers the historical development of the profession of design from its origin in ancient traditional crafts through contemporary design. Artistic, social, cultural, political, and economic issues that influence design theories and development are investigated. The emphasis is on 20th century development.

Human Services

HMS 111 Introduction to Human Services

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class is an introduction to the human services profession beginning with its history and continuing with current trends, including types of services, social policy, and client interventions.

HMS 270 Substance Abuse

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class studies the causes, types, treatments, and prevention of substance abuse, as well as drug classifications and HIV/AIDS.

HMS 271 Interviewing and Counseling Techniques

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class assists students in the development of interviewing and communication skills, including responsive listening and problem solving, and introductory counseling techniques. Prerequisite: HMS 111 or concurrent registration in HMS 111.

HMS 272 Human Service Practicum and Seminar

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class is a field placement experience in a human service agency or related institution. Students observe professionals and provide service in selected structured situations. The accompanying seminar introduces the student to experiential learning approaches. The dimensions and contexts of human service agencies are also explored. Prerequisites: HMS 271, 2.00 GPA, and permission of instructor.

HMS 311 Case Management in Rural Settings

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course teaches a dynamic method of human service delivery emphasizing the dual role of coordinating and directing services. Prerequisite: HMS 272.

HMS 350 Topics in Human Services

(offered every semester) 3 credits. This course offers students an opportunity to explore aspects of the human service field that are not dealt with extensively in human service survey courses. Topics may include death and dying, assessment and treatment of substance abuse, mediation, and related subjects. Prerequisite: PSY 201 or permission of instructor.

HMS 370 Group Counseling

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class is a study of theoretical knowledge and techniques for effective group leadership, including group dynamics, therapeutic forces, and current trends. Prerequisite: HMS 272.

HMS 373 Crisis Intervention

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course is a study of crisis, its causes, and the theories of dealing with crises through intervention. Methods of intervention are compared and demonstrated in simulated settings. Prerequisite: HMS 272.

HMS 471 Advanced Counseling in Human Services

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class studies the major concepts and practices, ethical standards, and professional issues of contemporary counseling models. Students explore theories and techniques to develop a personal style of counseling. Prerequisites: HMS 370 and senior status.

HMS 498 Human Services Internship and Seminar

(offered every spring) 6 credits. This class is an advanced supervised field placement experience in a human service agency. Students apply knowledge and skills to client assessment, treatment, and/or intervention. The accompanying seminar focuses on experiential learning enhancement and entry-level human services skills, including conducting meetings, making agency presentations, writing on the job, and conducting a job search. Prerequisites: HMS 471 and concurrent enrollment in HMS 499.

HMS 499 Human Services Capstone Project and Seminar

(offered every spring) 6 credits. This course gives the student an opportunity to develop a culminating project using an evidence-based practice approach. Projects may include case studies, developing a program and leading groups, undertaking feasibility studies, and related topics. Prerequisites: Concurrent enrollment in HMS 498.

Humanities

HUM 101 Introduction to Liberal Studies

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course introduces students to the Liberal Studies disciplines-the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and mathematics. Through reading and discussion students learn how each discipline responds to the world, approaches problems, poses questions, and develops new knowledge. Examples of thinking and writing across disciplinary lines are explored.

HUM 201 History of Science

(offered odd spring) 3 credits. This course offers students a broad understanding of scientific principles and discoveries, and the cultural and historical perspectives out of which these discoveries arose. Students study the "zeitgeist" of various periods (Medieval, Renaissance, Enlightenment, Romantic, Victorian, etc.), integrating history, religion, and science to understand how different eras and individuals interpreted their environment. Prerequisites: ENG 104 and one BIO, CHM, or PHS course.

HUM 202/ENV 202 Intro. to Environmental Studies

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course incorporates ecology, art, literature, and ethics to give students a hands-on appreciation of our relationship with the natural world. Course activities include field trips, academic study, and personal reflection. Students are introduced to environmental challenges at the personal, regional, and global levels.

HUM 301 Contemporary Voices in Science

(offered even spring) 3 credits. This course explores the interaction between contemporary scientific principles and the natural world. The ethical implications of science are examined through topics such as the green revolution, genetic alteration, global climate change, and nanotechnology. Prerequisite: ENG 104.

HUM 310 Turning Points in History

(offered odd fall) 3 credits. The course introduces students to the idea of "History as Progress" and how it has developed over time. The origins of this idea, both ancient and modern, and the ways it has shaped the political, religious, and economic aspects of the modern world, are emphasized, and various criticisms of this idea are explored. Prerequisite: Junior status or permission of the instructor.

HUM 350 Topics in Humanities

(offered as needed) 3 credits. This course offers students an opportunity to explore indepth a sub-genre or theme of the humanistic experience as viewed by diverse contemporary religious thinkers representing both the East and the West.

HUM 498 Liberal Studies Internship

(offered every semester) 3-6 credits. In this course, students participate in an internship in which they gain knowledge and experience in a chosen career area. A learning agreement is developed with the student, employer, and faculty member. Prerequisites: junior or senior status and permission of the instructor.

HUM 499 Senior Thesis/Project in Liberal Studies

(offered every semester) 3-6 credits. For this class, students prepare a cross-disciplinary research paper or design a research project. The focus is on topics of interest to the student, and the paper or project is intended to demonstrate the student's ability to synthesize and apply knowledge. Prerequisites: junior or senior status and permission of the instructor.

Journalism

JRN 115, 116, 215, 216 Journalism

(offered every semester) 2 credits. This class presents the fundamentals of journalistic writing and a survey of the field as a career. The course teaches principles of news writing, editing, layout, interviewing, and production. The focus is on publication of The Roar, the monthly Finlandia University student newspaper.

Mathematics

MAT 097 Elementary Algebra

(offered every semester) 4 credits. This class studies the fundamental operations of algebra. Topics include a review of arithmetic, signed numbers, exponents and polynomials, linear equations and inequalities, graphing, factoring, rational expressions, and systems of equations. Prerequisite: academic placement.

MAT 130 Business Math

(offered every fall) 4 credits. This comprehensive course teaches the practical application of mathematical concepts used in business. Students gain confidence in basic business math skills through study of the following topics: a review of arithmetic; ratio, proportion, and percent; payroll; depreciation; interest and discount; annuities and their applications; stocks and bonds; buying and selling; insurance; and introductory statistics. The course focuses on the use of practical examples: Prerequisite: none. Does not meet requirements of the MACRAO Articulation Agreement.

MAT 140 Intermediate Algebra

(offered every semester) 4 credits. This course bridges the gap between elementary algebra and pre-calculus. Topics include equations and inequalities, polynomials, application problems, rational expressions, exponents and radicals, quadratic equations and inequalities, and graphs of linear and quadratic functions. Prerequisite: MAT 097 or academic placement.

MAT 145 College Algebra

(offered every fall and spring semester) 4 credits. Topics in this class include algebraic operations on polynomial and rational expressions; solving linear, quadratic, and polynomial equations and inequalities; the graphing of functions; systems of equations and determinants; exponential and logarithmic functions; and the theory of equations, sequences, and probability. Prerequisite: MAT 140 or academic placement.

MAT 146 Geometry for Art and Design

(offered every spring) 4 credits. This course demonstrates a non-traditional way of thinking about mathematics. Linked with art and design, the inner logic of symmetry, shape, and space are discovered through innovative hands-on practice. The course develops the fundamental concepts of geometry through visual projects. Course topics contribute perspectives on applications in art and design. Prerequisite: Two solid years of math education such as algebra and geometry or MAT 097, or permission of the instructor.

MAT 152 Trigonometry

(offered odd spring) 3 credits. This course covers trigonometric functions, applications of trigonometry to right and oblique triangles, trigonometric identities and equations, graphs of trigonometric functions, inverse trigonometric functions, vectors, and complex numbers. Prerequisite: MAT 145 or above.

MAT 155 Math for Elementary Teachers I

(offered every fall) 3 credits. MAT 155 is intended primarily for future elementary school teachers. The course investigates mathematics (arithmetic, geometry, algebra, problem solving) for elementary school teachers. Topics include sets and Venn diagrams, relations and functions, decimals and real numbers, and problem solving. The emphasis is on doing and explaining mathematics using manipulatives and developing intuition and problem solving skills. Prerequisite: MAT 140 or academic placement.

MAT 156 Math for Elementary Teachers II

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course is a continuation of MAT 155. The course explores concepts, properties, and applications of probability, statistics, and geometry. Concepts in informal geometry are developed through naming, drawing, and measuring two and three-dimensional geometric shapes. Additional topics include the English and metric measuring systems, area, volume and perimeter, transformational and co-ordinate geometry, and problem solving strategies. Prerequisite: MAT 155.

MAT 180 Survey of Calculus

(offered even spring) 4 credits. Topics in this course include the study of algebraic, logarithmic, and exponential functions; limits; continuity, techniques of differentiation; applications of the derivative (such as curve sketching); implicit differentiation and related rates; integration techniques; and applications of the definite integral. The emphasis is on applications. Prerequisite: MAT 145.

MAT 201 Probability and Statistics

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course covers descriptive statistics, probability, counting techniques, and probability distributions, including normal, t- and chi-square techniques for statistical inference. Confidence intervals and tests of hypothesis, and linear regression and correlation are included. Students are instructed in the meaningful interpretation of statistical measures and the application of statistical methods to problem solving and decisionmaking. Prerequisite: MAT 145.

MAT 270 Geometry

(offered every odd fall) .3 credits. In this course students broaden their understanding of Euclidean geometry, study geometric transformations and non-Euclidean geometries, apply geometric concepts to real-world situations, and explore geometric concepts and relationships using interactive software. The course is designed for elementary education students. Prerequisite: MAT 156 or permission of the instructor.

Music

MUS 121 Music Appreciation I

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course is a study of the music of the U.S., including Native American, folk, blues, gospel, jazz, and popular. The class involves reading, listening to music, and viewing music videos. MUS 121 and MUS 122 may be taken independently of each other.

MUS 122 Music Appreciation II

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course is a study of Western European classical music from the Medieval period through the Renaissance, Baroque, Classic, Romantic, and Modern periods. The class involves reading, listening to music, and viewing music videos. MUS 121 and MUS 122 may be taken independently of each other.

MUS 125 Music Theory I

(offered every fall) 2 credits. This course introduces the fundamentals of music theory. The structural elements of music are explored through lessons on the piano keyboard, including note and staff reading, intervals, major and minor scales, key signatures, meters, and rhythms. This course is open to all students and is a requirement for the Music concentration.

MUS 131-140 Individual Instrumental Lessons or Ensemble I and II

(offered every semester) 1 credits. This course offers individual freshmen-level lessons in piano, guitar, kantele, or instrumental ensemble. It is conducted as one 25-minute lesson or a 55-minute classroom lesson each week, at the instructor's discretion.

MUS 151-152 Individual Voice Lessons I and II

(offered every semester) 1 credits. This course offers individual freshmen-level lessons in voice. The fundamentals of singing, proper breathing, breath control, diction, tone production and articulation, and vocal and solo repertoire are covered. It is conducted as one 25-minute lesson or a 55-minute classroom lesson each week, at the instructor's discretion.

MUS 153-154 University Singers I and II

(offered every semester) 2 credits. This freshman-level course is open to all students without audition. The class covers the development of good vocal production and the performance of all styles of music.

MUS 225 Music Theory II

(offered every spring) 2 credits. This course is a continuation of MUS 125. The structural elements of music are explored through lessons in triads, inversions, tonics, dominants, subdominants, cadences, and sequences. This course is open to all students and is a requirement for the Music concentration. Prerequisite: MUS 125.

MUS 227 Sight-Singing and Ear Training

(offered every fall) 2 credits. This course covers basic singing-on-sight of melodic material using the solfege system, including scales, intervals, and simple melodies with various rhythms. Ear training includes basic rhythmic and melodic material, identifying the difference between major and minor scales, major and minor triads, diminished and augmented chords, and the identification of different intervals. This course is open to all students and is a requirement for the Music concentration.

MUS 231-240 Individual Instrumental Lessons or Ensemble III and IV

(offered every semester) 1 credits. This course offers individual sophomore-level lessons in piano, guitar, kantele, or instrumental ensemble. It is conducted as one 25-minute lesson or a 55-minute classroom lesson each week, at the instructor's discretion. Prerequisite: corresponding section of MUS 131-140.

MUS 250 Topics in Music

(offered as needed) 1-3 credits. This course offers the student the opportunity to explore a fine arts sub-genre or theme not covered by the regular survey courses.

MUS 251-252 Individual Voice Lessons III and IV

(offered every semester) 1 credits. This course offers individual sophomore-level lessons in voice. Fundamentals of singing, proper breathing, breath control, diction, tone production, articulation, and vocal and solo repertoire are covered. It is taught as one 25- minute lesson or a 55-minute classroom lesson per week, at the instructor's discretion. Prerequisite: corresponding section of MUS 151-152.

MUS 253-254 University Singers III and IV

(offered every semester) 2 credits. This sophomore-level course is open to all students without audition. The class covers the development of good vocal production and the performance of all styles of music. Prerequisite: corresponding section of MUS 153-154.

MUS 331-340 Individual Instrumental Lessons or Ensemble V and VI

(offered every semester) 1 credits. This course offers individual junior-level lessons in piano, guitar, kantele, or instrumental ensemble. It is taught as one 25-minute lesson or a 55-minute classroom lesson each week, at the instructor's discretion. Prerequisite: Corresponding section of MUS 231-240.

MUS 351-352 Individual Voice Lessons V and VI

(offered every semester) 1 credits. This course offers individual junior-level lessons in voice. The fundamentals of singing, proper breathing, breath control, diction, tone production, articulation, and vocal and solo repertoire are covered. It is taught as one 25-minute lesson or a 55-minute classroom lesson per week, at the instructor's discretion. Prerequisite: corresponding section of MUS 251-252.

MUS 353-354 University Singers V and VI

(offered every semester) 2 credits. This junior-level course is open to all students without audition. The class covers the development of good vocal production and the performance of all styles of music. Prerequisite: corresponding section of MUS 253-254.

MUS 431-440 Individual Instrumental Lessons or Ensemble VII and VIII

(offered every semester) 1 credits. This course offers individual senior-level lessons in piano, guitar, kantele, or instrumental ensemble. It is taught as one 25-minute lesson or a 55-minute classroom lesson each week, at the instructor's discretion. Prerequisite: corresponding section of MUS 331-340.

MUS 451-452 Individual Voice Lessons VII and VIII

(offered every semester) 1 credits. This course offers individual senior-level lessons in voice. The fundamentals of singing, proper breathing, breath control, diction, tone production, articulation, and vocal and solo repertoire are covered. It is taught as one 25-minute lesson or a 55-minute classroom lesson per week, at the instructor's discretion. Prerequisite: corresponding section of MUS 351-352.

MUS 453-454 University Singers VII and VIII

(offered every semester) 2 credits. This senior-level course is open to all students without audition. The class covers the development of good vocal production and the performance of all styles of music. Prerequisite: corresponding section of MUS 353-354.

Nursing

Note: Nursing credits are differentiated by theory and clinical components For example, (4-2) indicates four theory credit hours and two clinical hours. Each clinical credit hour is equivalent to 3 clock hours.

NUR 104 Clinical Transitions

(offered as needed) 1 credits. Clinical Transitions is a self-directed course designed for students who have been out of the nursing sequence for more than one semester. Independent study, technical skills testing, and patient care experiences are planned to review and evaluate a student's readiness to re-enter the nursing sequence. Prerequisite: Must be enrolled in the Nursing major. Requires approval of the Nursing Department chair.

NUR 200 Pharmacology (3-0)

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course introduces the student to the basic concepts of pharmacology and their relationships to health care. The course focuses on the major drug classifications, principles of drug actions/interactions, the application of specific drugs in the treatment of disease, normal and abnormal responses to drug therapy, dosage calculations, and appropriate nursing actions to achieve desired outcomes of drug therapy. The nurse's role and responsibilities in clinical pharmacology are examined. Prerequisites: BIO 171, BIO 172, CHM 145, and MAT140, or equivalents.

NUR 202 Health Assessment and Interview (2-1)

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course provides an introduction to the skills used in data collection and physical assessment, including interviewing, communication, comprehensive history taking, physical assessment, and formulating a nursing diagnosis. The course draws on the nursing process in assessing the health of individuals across the life span. Prerequisites: BIO 171, BIO 172, HSC 112, or equivalents.

NUR 204 Introduction to Nursing Practice (3-3)

(offered every fall) 6 credits. This course introduces the basic concepts of the practice of nursing. An introduction to Nursing program philosophy is presented. The course focuses on the skills required to care for adult clients in structured, nonemergent environments using demonstration and simulated practice. The role of the nurse as provider of care is discussed. Students are introduced to the clinical setting where the nursing process is used as the basis for decision making and nursing behaviors. Communication skills and nurse-client relationships are developed. Laboratory settings include campus lab, senior living complex, community events, schools, and in-patient units. Prerequisites: BIO 171 and BIO 172. Taken concurrently with NUR 200 and NUR 202.

NUR 205 Application of Nursing Practice (0-2)

(offered every spring) 2 credits. This course provides students with the opportunity to use previously attained nursing skills in caring for an adult client in a non-emergent environment. Students apply the skills necessary to demonstrate the role of the nurse as provider of care. This course follows NUR 204 in the nursing sequence. Prerequisites: NUR 202 and NUR 204, or equivalents. Taken concurrently with NUR 206.

NUR 206 Pathophysiology (3-0)

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course introduces the student to concepts and diseases common to the general practice of health care. The course studies how normal physiological processes are altered by disease. Core content provides understanding of the mechanisms and principles of disruptions of health. Theories related to pathogenesis, etiology, and clinical manifestations are used to study common diseases with an emphasis on clinical correlations. Prerequisites: BIO 171, BIO 172, CHM 145, or equivalents.

NUR 208 Nursing Theory (2-0)

(offered every spring) 2 credits. This course is designed to enable the student to examine nursing from historical and present-day perspectives. The course examines the organizational framework of Nursing program philosophy and the concepts of nursing, person, environment, and health that underscore the metaparadigm of nursing. Conceptual nursing models and theories and their relationships to research and professional nursing practice are discussed. Prerequisites: ENG 103, ENG 104, and NUR 204.

NUR 300 Mental Health Nursing (4-2)

(offered every spring) 6 credits. This course acquaints the student with the theoretical and clinical foundations for application of the nursing process in support of the person's mental health. Theories, concepts, and responses related to mental health and illness are presented. The course further develops nursing assessment and intervention and explores patient rights and legal issues for individuals and groups of mental health clients in various health care and community environments. Individual and group nursing care used to promote, maintain, and restore the person's mental health are applied. Prerequisites: NUR 200, NUR 202, NUR 204, or equivalents. Taken concurrently with NUR 205, NUR 206, and NUR 208.

NUR 301 Finlandia Connection (3-0)

(summer only) 3 credits. This elective course is designed to introduce the nursing student to issues, practices, and research activities relevant to nursing in Finland. Offered in the summer semester, students either travel to Finland to experience nursing, or a nurse educator from Finland teaches at Finlandia University. The course satisfies a general elective requirement. Prerequisite: Must be enrolled in the Nursing program.

NUR 302 Maternal/Newborn Nursing (4-2)

(offered every fall) 6 credits. This course focuses on the theoretical and clinical foundation for application of the nursing process in caring for the childbearing family. The emphasis is on the primary family unit during the expanding years, including the concepts of optimal health, changing relationships, and the impact of the community and culture on growing families. Physiological and psychosocial adaptation of the family during normal and complex pregnancies, and newborn life are addressed. Women's health throughout the life span is discussed. Prerequisite: NUR 300. Taken concurrently with NUR 304 and PSY 343.

NUR 304 Pediatric Nursing (4-2)

(offered every fall) 6 credits. This course provides the student with the theoretical and clinical foundation for application of the nursing process in caring for children, from infancy through adolescence, and their families. Emphasis is on the role of the nurse in the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of the health of the child and family. Growth and development, disease prevention, and care of the child with simple and complex health needs are examined. Prerequisite: NUR 300. Taken concurrently with NUR 302 and PSY 343.

NUR 306 Diagnostics/Therapeutics (2-0)

(offered every spring) 2 credits. This course introduces the student to the principles of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, including laboratory, imaging, cardiopulmonary, neurovascular, and endoscopic. Scientific rationale and nursing implications for selected diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are discussed. Prerequisites: BIO 171, BIO 172, CHM 145, NUR 202, or permission of the instructor.

NUR 308 Nursing Research/Statistics (3-0)

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course introduces the student to the concepts of the research process and its application to nursing practice. An introduction to the measurement and analysis of research data is presented. The course provides students with a foundation for the interpretation and evaluation of research and its application to nursing knowledge and practice. Emphasis is on students becoming knowledgeable consumers of research as they expand their nursing practice. Prerequisites: MAT 140 or equivalent, and NUR 208.

NUR 310 Adult Medical/Surgical Nursing (4-4)

(offered every spring) 8 credits. This course expands the theoretical and clinical foundation for application of the nursing process in caring for the acutely ill adult. Students apply scientific principles in managing nursing care for adults who are experiencing health deficits requiring medical and/or surgical intervention. Students use critical judgments in planning and implementing nursing interventions in caring for the adult experiencing acute complex health needs in various health care environments. Prerequisites: NUR 300, NUR 302, and NUR 304. Taken concurrently with NUR 306.

NUR 400 Acute and Urgent Clinical Nursing (0-3)

(offered every summer) 3 credits. This summer course broadens the clinical professional nursing experience and prepares students for the final year of the BSN curriculum. The primary focus of the course is an expanded opportunity for achieving clinical competencies in acute and urgent care settings within the regional medical center. A total of 135 contact hours is required with time scheduled for pre-clinical activities, hospital orientation, day and evening shift rotations in various acute and urgent care settings, and compiling final case presentations to share individual experiences with others. Travel associated with scheduled clinical experiences at a regional medical center is expected. Prerequisites: NUR 306, NUR 308, NUR 310, and PSY 343.

NUR 402 Nursing Management/Leadership (2-4)

(offered every fall) 6 credits. This course synthesizes the previously acquired theoretical and clinical foundation for application of the nursing process as it relates to management in professional nursing. Entry-level leadership and management skills as provider of care and manager of clients with complex multidimensional health problems are further developed. Students refine their autonomy, accountability, collaboration, and caring communication in managing groups of clients in a variety of settings. Prerequisites: NUR 208, NUR 308, and NUR 400. Taken concurrently with NUR 404.

NUR 404 Issues in Professional Nursing (2-0)

(offered every fall) 2 credits. This course explores the issues and trends in nursing as a profession. Social, economic, political, and educational forces influencing nursing and health care in the United States are discussed. The professional, legal, and ethical responsibilities of the nurse, and the career opportunities available within the profession, are examined. Health care delivery systems, entry into practice, and professional organizations are discussed. The course investigates role socialization from student to professional nurse. Taken in the final year of the Nursing program. Prerequisites: NUR 208, NUR 308, and NUR 400.

NUR 406 Community Nursing (2-4)

(offered every spring) 6 credits. This course focuses on the theoretical and clinical foundation for application of the nursing process in caring for individuals, families, groups, and the community as a client. Emphasis is on disease prevention, health promotion, health maintenance, health education, and coordination of care. Content includes application of public health nursing principles, epidemiological investigation, knowledge of rural environments, supervision and leadership in promoting desired health evaluation, and outcomes in community and home environments. The course explores the roles of the nurse as teacher, collaborator, advocate, and direct care provider. Prerequisites: All previously sequenced nursing courses and NUR 404 or equivalent.

NUR 408 Nursing Capstone (2-0)

(offered every spring) 2 credits. This course serves as a capstone experience in which students synthesize evidence-based practice and theoretical and research-based knowledge to develop a senior project using critical thinking skills, critical judgment, and independent decision-making. Students demonstrate proficiency in meeting the BSN terminal objectives and accreditation outcome criteria. Taken concurrently with NUR 406 in the final semester of the Nursing program.

Nursing (RN-BSN)

Implementation of the RN to BSN completion program is in progress. Please contact the Nursing Department for course start dates and additional scheduling information. Courses required by both BSN and RN to BSN programs are located under the "Nursing (B.S.N.)" course descriptions. Note: Credits are differentiated by theory and clinical components. For example, (4-2) indicates four theory credit hours and two clinical credit hours. Each clinical credit hour is equivalent to 3 clock hours.

NUR 303 Transition to Professional Nursing (3-0)**

3 credits. This course introduces the associate degree or diploma RN to the BSN curriculum, including an overview of Nursing program philosophy, competencies, outcomes, and conceptual framework, to facilitate the transition from the role of practicing nurse to that of professional nurse. The course explores the student's motivation to continue his or her education and examines the historical and theoretical development of the profession as it relates to nursing practice and its influence on public opinion. Alternative roles for future professional practitioners are also explored. Prerequisites: RN licensure and Internet access.

NUR 305 Pharmacology for the Practicing RN (2-0)

2 credits. This course focuses on review of the application of pharmacological interventions used to promote, maintain, or restore health. Major drug classifications and nursing implications for pharmacology administration in the treatment of disease and processes are emphasized. Prerequisites: RN licensure, and CHM 145 and MAT 140 or equivalents, or permission of the instructor.

NUR 307 Pathophysiology for the Practicing RN (2-0)

2 credits. This course focuses on review of pathophysiological processes leading to alteration of body structure and functions. Identification of etiology and pathogenesis of selected diseases are explored. Prerequisites: RN licensure, and CHM 145 and MAT 140 or equivalents, or permission of the instructor.

NUR 309 Spirituality and Nursing (2-0)

2 credits. This course examines the spiritual foundations of church-led health ministries. Skills and knowledge specific to parish nursing are explored with topics to include roles of the parish nurse, ethical/legal aspects of the role, professional standards, and personal spiritual growth. The course also studies the legal and medical perspectives of issues such as abortion, euthanasia, behavior control, alternate health care modalities, and bioethical issues. The psychosocial-spiritual assessment of persons across the age continuum, loss/grief, end-oflife, and crisis are explored.

NUR 311 Perspectives in Nursing (2-0)

2 credits. This course is an overview of selected health issues including topics such as women's rights across the globe, emerging infections, the state of health care in other nations, healthy aging, the impact of cultural beliefs and traditions on health, and the ethical implications of advances in science and technology, for example the impact of genetic engineering, gene therapy, and reproductive technology.

Philosophy

PHL 201 Introduction to Philosophy

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This beginning course offers an overview of topics in Western philosophy using readings from original sources. It explores attempts to answer such questions as: What is the nature of reality? of human knowledge? of moral good? Class discussion and written assignments encourage the development of orderly philosophical reflection.

PHL 212 Ethics: Classical Theories and Contemporary Issues

(offered every semester) 3 credits. This course introduces classical topics in Western philosophical ethics, applying them to current ethical concerns in areas such as the value of life, sexuality, medicine, business, media, and the environment.

PHL 251 Critical Thinking

(offered even fall) 3 credits. This course is a practical introduction to the art and skill of recognizing arguments that need improvement and forming sound arguments of one's own. It examines common mistakes in thinking that may confuse understanding and communication at all levels, and offers practice in making ourselves understood by others.

PHL/REL 301 World Religions

(offered even spring) 3 credits. In this course, students attempt to understand a variety of the world's religions through understanding the questions they seek to answer, the issues they seek to address, and their traditional beliefs, rituals, and cultural contributions.

PHL 302 Great Voices in Philosophy

(offered odd spring) 3 credits. This course offers a comparison of Western and non- Western approaches in some or all of the following philosophies: metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, esthetics, and political. Prerequisite: PHL 201 or equivalent, or permission of instructor.

PHL 350 Topics in Philosophy

(offered as needed) 3 credits. The content of this seminar-style course varies. Previous topics include bioethics, theories of human nature, and political philosophy. Prerequisite: PHL 201 or equivalent, or permission of instructor.

PHL 401 Philosophy and the Environment

(offered odd fall) 3 credits. This course attempts a critical look at environmental problems and proposed solutions through the lenses of classical and contemporary philosophers, and other historic and contemporary thinkers. Some attention may be given to non-Western traditions and/or various theological approaches. Prerequisite: PHL 201 or equivalent, or permission of instructor.

Physical Science

PHS 112 Concepts in Physical Science I

(offered every spring) 4 credits. This course examines introductory earth science topics related to geology and meteorology. Major themes include rocks and minerals, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, atmospheric structure and composition, and the Earth's radiation budget. Local geology and climate are also emphasized. Includes laboratory.

PHS 212 Concepts in Physical Science II

(offered even spring) 4 credits. This class is a survey of basic physics concepts. Topics include motion, forces, energy, heat, wave motion (light and sound), electricity, magnetism, and modern physics. Physics principles are used to develop an understanding of astronomy. Includes laboratory. Prerequisite: MAT 140 or permission of instructor.

PHS 301 Integrated Science

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course integrates physical and biological concepts emphasizing modern applications of scientific principles. Topics include physical hydrology and climate, terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, environmentally sustainable development, water resources and water pollution, and other relevant environmental and scientific issues. Prerequisite: PHS 112.

Physical Therapist Assistant

PTA 101 Introduction to Physical Therapy

(offered every fall)1 credits. This class is an introduction to the field of physical therapy, its history, and the role physical therapy plays in the health care system. Basic medical abbreviations are learned, and standards of ethical practice are emphasized. The practice of physical therapy, the laws that regulate the physical therapist assistant, and the structure and function of the American Physical Therapy Association are discussed. Strongly emphasized are the boundaries between the physical therapist and physical therapist assistant. Also covered are common practice settings and patient types. Prerequisites: For students whose first language is not English, a TOEFL score of 550 or greater and permission of instructor. Corequisites: ENG 103 or equivalent, BIO 171 or equivalent, or permission of PTA program director.

PTA 200 Functional Anatomy

(offered every fall) 3 credits. Knowledge of functional anatomy and kinesiology are essential foundations for the PTA. In this course the skeletal, muscle, joint, and nervous systems are studied in terms of their ability to produce movement. The biomechanics of the human body is emphasized. Lecture and laboratory exercises are integrated to help the student learn how the body moves and then apply that knowledge to physical therapy. Prerequisite: BIO 172 or permission of PTA program director.

PTA 205 Functional Activities

(offered every fall) 1 credits. In this class, basic patient handling skills are instructed and practiced, including patient transfers from and with a variety of patient equipment, gait training, wheelchair/bed mobility, and transfers training. Assistive devices are introduced and practiced using patient mobility and transfer skills. Body mechanics are taught and practiced with an emphasis on the safety of the patient and caregiver during activity. OSHA safety requirements and universal precaution procedures are presented. Issues regarding the quality, appropriateness, and clarity of documentation are presented and practiced with an emphasis on documenting functional activities. Prerequisite: BIO 172. Co-requisite: PTA 200.

PTA 210 Therapeutic Exercise

(offered every fall) 2 credits. This class introduces the principles and techniques of range of motion, strengthening, soft-tissue stretching, endurance, and balance/coordination. The basic concepts of peripheral joint mobilization are examined. The healing process of the various tissues, ligaments, bones, cartilage, and muscles/tendons is reviewed. Theories of the body's response to exercise in the normal and pathological states are examined. Prerequisite: BIO 172. Co-requisite: PTA 200.

PTA 211 Clinical Orthopedics

(offered every spring) 2 credits. In this course, the knowledge of therapeutic management and rehabilitation is expanded with regard to common orthopedic injuries/conditions. Principles for treating soft tissue, bony, and post-surgical problems are emphasized. This includes the investigation of sprains, strains, surgical procedures, overuse syndromes, and fractures. Therapeutic management and rehabilitative intervention methods for the presented condition/injuries in various stages of recovery are investigated joint by joint. Prerequisites: PTA 200 and PTA 210.

PTA 215 Therapeutic Modalities I

(offered every fall) 3 credits. In this class, students learn the theory and application of the therapeutic thermal agents: heat, cold, ultrasound, and hydrotherapy, including aquatic therapy. The pathologic and physiological processes, specific techniques, frequencies, and the effects of intervention are discussed. Application methods are learned with an emphasis on the indications, contraindications, and precautions for the selected forms of therapeutic thermal agents. The safe, effective, and efficient delivery of the physical thermal agents are considered, as well as patient and caregiver interactions. Prerequisite: BIO 172. Corequisite: PTA 200.

PTA 216 Therapeutic Modalities II

(offered every spring) 2 credits. In this class, the student is presented with theories concerning the pathologic processes, the physiological responses to an intervention, and the application of the following agents: electrical current, mechanical lumbar/cervical traction, ultraviolet, and external compression. Intervention methods are learned with emphasis on the safe, effective, and efficient deliveries of the physical agents. Consideration is given to the indications, contraindications, and precautions for these physical agents. Because an intervention requires human interaction, clinical lab activities emphasize the interaction between the clinician and the patient. Prerequisite: PTA 215 or permission of PTA program director.

PTA 217 Therapeutic Procedures

(offered every spring) 1 credits. This class studies pathological gait deviations, the physical therapy management of the burn-injured patient, wound care management, chest physical therapy, amputee care, prosthetics, and orthotics for the upper and lower extremities. Anatomy, physiology, and pathology are discussed for each topic. Prerequisite: PTA 200 or permission of PTA program director.

PTA 220 Tests and Measures

(offered every fall) 1 credits. This class is an introduction to the tests and measures commonly used in the practice of physical therapy, including goniometry, gross functional muscle testing, sensation, pain, vital signs, and anthropometric measurements. The comparison of examination and evaluation as it relates to physical therapy practice is emphasized. Prerequisite: BIO 172. Co-requisite: PTA 200.

PTA 223 Clinical Preparation

(offered every fall) 2 credits. This course orients the student to clinical practice policy and procedures and clinical documentation, and provides information to assist student learning in the clinical environment. Students begin the process of selfassessing their development of professional behaviors and develop a plan to enhance their professional skills. Co-requisites/Prerequisites: PTA 200, PTA 205, PTA 210, PTA 220, PTA 215, and HSC 260, or permission of PTA program director

PTA 224 Clinical Practice

(offered every fall) 4 credits. This course is a full-time, four-week clinical practice. The student applies novice physical therapy knowledge and skills (selected tests and measures, modalities, therapeutic exercise, and functional activities) under the close supervision of a qualified clinical instructor. Prerequisites: All fifth semester PTA classes and HSC 260.

PTA 226 Clinical Affiliation/Preparation/Special Topics

(offered every spring) 2 credits. This course prepares students for completion of the final two clinical practices and further develops the professional skills required for the PTA work environment. Topics include stress management, the therapeutic relationship between the PTA and patient, communication skills, disability awareness, death and dying, cultural diversity, and domestic violence. Students develop a plan for continued development of their professional skills in the clinical affiliations. Interviewing skills are addressed in a special seminar and students have the opportunity to do a mock interview and receive additional help with their résumés. Prerequisite: Satisfactory completion of all fifth semester PTA courses or permission of PTA program director. Co-requisite: sixth semester PTA courses.

PTA 235 Patient Handling and Therapeutic Massage

(offered every spring) 1 credits. This course teaches therapeutic massage and patient handling skills. The student is instructed in the basic principles and application of soft tissue massage techniques as part of an overall physical therapy intervention plan. Various basic local and general massage techniques are presented and practiced. General principles of massage for specialized systems and selected specific purposes are introduced. Prerequisite: PTA 200.

PTA 245 Neurologic Rehabilitation through the Life Span

(offered every spring) 4 credits. This course prepares the PTA to treat patients with pediatric and adult movement disorders resulting from damage to the nervous system.  Neuroanatomy, motor control, motor learning and motor development form the foundations for understanding the pathology and the interventions used for the patient with neurologic disorders.  Case studies dealing with common pediatric and adult disorders help the student appreciate the effect of the disability on the individual's life and provide an opportunity for the student to apply their clinical reasoning skills and physical therapy interventions.  Prerequisite: PTA 200 

PTA 250 Geriatric PTA

(offered every spring) 2 credits. This class presents a comprehensive study of the area of physical therapy and aging. Age-related changes in biology, physiology, and anatomy are discussed. General information on theory and psychosocial aspects of aging is provided. Specific treatment considerations for the older person are outlined. Prerequisite: HSC 260 or permission of instructor.

PTA 290 Clinical Education I

(offered every spring) 2 credits. This is the initial two weeks of a five-week clinical affiliation. It allows students to apply their didactic and laboratory learning as an active participant in clinical practice. The student is expected to practice all the basic physical therapy data collection techniques and treatment interventions, and implement the plan of care as directed by the physical therapist. Eighty hours of clinical practice at an affiliated clinical site are required. Prerequisites: Student must be assessed at the developing level or higher on the Generic Abilities Assessment Tool, completion of all PTA course work, or permission of the PTA program director.

PTA 291 Clinical Education II

(offered every summer) 2 credits. This is the final three weeks of a five-week clinical affiliation. It provides further development of problem solving and interpersonal skills, and continues to develop in the successful student the minimal competencies necessary to become an effective, efficient physical therapist assistant. At the conclusion of this affiliation, the student is expected to consistently provide quality care with simple or complex patients in a predictable environment. The student may require supervision or cueing when addressing complex problems, and may still be developing efficiency in delivering treatment plans. One hundred twenty hours of clinical practice at an affiliated clinical site are required. Prerequisite: PTA 290.

PTA 292 Clinical Education III

(offered every summer) 4 credits. This five-week, full-time clinical affiliation is the final clinical practice for the student. At the start of this affiliation, students will have completed 65% of their clinical hours and all of their academic coursework. The student is expected to practice all the basic physical therapy data collection techniques and treatment interventions, and implement the plan of care as directed by the physical therapist. At the conclusion of this affiliation, the student is expected to perform at entry-level, consistently and efficiently providing quality care with simple or complex patients in a variety of clinical environments under the supervision of a physical therapist. The student requires no further guidance or supervision except when addressing new or complex problems, at which time the student seeks assistance. Two hundred hours of off-site clinical experience are required. The affiliation culminates with a one-day oncampus seminar. Prerequisite: PTA 291.

Political Science

PLS 221 American Government

(offered every semester) 3 credits. This course covers the origins and present powers of American national government, and the complex ways in which institutional and non-institutional forces interact to determine public policy.

PLS 350 Topics in Political Science

(offered as needed) 3 credits. This course offers the student an opportunity to explore in greater depth topics not covered fully in political science survey courses. Topics may include The American Presidency, Politics and the Environment, Comparative Governments, or Political Theory. Prerequisite: PLS 221 or equivalent, or permission of instructor.

PLS 364 International Relations

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course covers the influences that shape the foreign policies of states, including geographical location, ideological and economic factors, institutions involved in foreign policy making, and international organizations. Different foreign policy problems are discussed each time the class is offered. Prerequisite: PLS 221 or permission of instructor.

Psychology

PSY 201 General Psychology

(offered every semester) 3 credits. This class is an introduction to the study of human behavior and cognitive processes. Major topics typically include biological foundations, life-span development, learning, personality, perception, memory, states of consciousness, stress, and social psychology.

PSY 340 Abnormal Psychology

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This class is a study of the cultural, biological, and psychological aspects of the abnormal personality. Case histories are analyzed in the context of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Various theories of deviance and disorder are discussed. Prerequisite: PSY 201.

PSY 343 Growth and Development of Children and Adolescents

(offered every semester) 3 credits. This class examines the psychological development of infants and children through adolescence. The social, emotional, biological, and physical viewpoints of this age period are studied. Current research, literature, and practical applications are explored. Prerequisite: PSY 201.

PSY 344 Psychology of Adulthood and Aging

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This class is a study of the theories and research related to the psychological development of adults. Students analyze the biological, cognitive, cultural, personality, and social contexts in which aging occurs. Prerequisite: PSY 201.

PSY 350 Topics in Psychology

(offered as needed) .3 credits. This course offers students an opportunity to explore aspects of the field of psychology not dealtwith extensively in psychology survey courses. Topics may include Personality Theory, Social Psychology, Learning, or Applied Behavior Analysis. Prerequisite: PSY 201.

PSY 351 Forensic Psychology

(offered odd fall) 3 credits. This course presents a psychological look at investigation, violence, victims, child custody, juries, and expert testimony.

PSY/SOC 353 Research Methods in the Social Sciences

(offered every odd fall) 3 credits. This course provides students with an introduction to the methods of social inquiry. Students learn how to design and conduct research, and how to become a critical consumer of it. An overview of the various research strategies in the social sciences is presented and students perform some preliminary research. The course focuses on conceptual and applied dimensions of social research. Prerequisite: MAT 140 or above.

Religion

REL 201 Introduction to the Bible-Old Testament

(offered even fall) 3 credits. This course offers historical, theological, and literary consideration of the scriptures from Genesis to Malachi.

REL 202 Introduction to the Bible- New Testament

(offered odd spring) 3 credits. This course covers Jesus and the church in gospels and letters: Matthew through Revelation.

REL 205 Spiritual Formation

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course provides guided, critical reflection related to spiritual formation. Students explore a series of readings on faith development and spiritual formation selected from classical and contemporary Christian authors. The readings aim to introduce vocabulary and concepts necessary for critical reflection in the areas of faith, vocation, and service. REL 222 Christian Ethics in Pluralistic Society

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course introduces the contributions to society of ethical reflection and decision-making as shaped by the Christian tradition. These contributions are evaluated for their relevance in a pluralistic context. Contemporary ethical issues are discussed with the aim of applying ethical theory to practical decision-making.

REL/SOC 230 Servant Leadership

(offered every semester) .3 credits. This course is a Christian faith-based approach to the nature, style, and skills of servant leadership. Students consider contemporary leadership theories and styles of leadership, local and global social justice issues, and vocation in connection with servant-leading. The concepts of servant leadership are applied through participation in service-learning volunteer work in the local community.

REL/SOC 236 Service-Learning in Tanzania

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course applies the leadership philosophy and skills explored in REL 230. The primary learning experiences of the course take place during a three-week trip to Tanzania in May. During the spring semester prior to the trip, students meet weekly to discuss readings and fundraising strategies. A mid-semester weekend preparation seminar explores the culture, history, and language of Tanzania, and appropriate ways of behaving as a guest in a foreign country. One seminar following the trip presents the opportunity to reflect on the experience. The visit to Tanzania is at the invitation of the Eastern and Coastal Diocese of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania. Students stay in host homes, learn about local concerns, and participate in a service project. Students also have an opportunity to take part in a three-day safari at a Tanzanian game park. It is expected that all students, regardless of financial need, participate in fundraising efforts to help offset some of the travel expenses. Prerequisite: REL 230.

REL/SOC 237 Servant Leadership for the Local Community

(offered every odd fall) 3 credits. This course explores servant leadership as a spiritual discipline while developing leadership skills for local volunteer service. The essence of spirituality and spiritual practices in relation to service is explored. Students identify local needs and organize a service-inkind project to benefit the local community. Students participate in discussion seminars and journal activities.

REL/PHL 301 World Religions

(offered even spring) 3 credits. In this course, students attempt to understand a variety of the world's religions through understanding the questions they seek to answer, the issues they seek to address, and their traditional beliefs, rituals, and cultural contributions.

REL 303 History of Christianity

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course introduces the key figures and developments of Christianity: Ancient, Reformation, and Modern. Both Eastern and Western Christianity are surveyed. Modern Christian history stresses figures and developments in the West. Recent global trends and developments are also covered.

REL 341 Christian Thought

(offered even fall) 3 credits. This course examines key themes in Christian theology. The role of historical influences is considered. Primary and secondary sources are employed. Modern, global perspectives in Christian theological reflection are included. Prerequisite: REL 303 or equivalent.

REL 381 Christian Vocation: Contemporary Challenges and Opportunities

(offered even fall) 3 credits. This course builds on REL 230 coursework. Contemporary applications of Christian vocation concepts and practices in modern culture are examined. Prerequisite: REL 230 or equivalent.

REL 420 Biblical Topics in Vocation

(offered odd spring) 3 credits. This course offers an in-depth examination of vocation through the lens of selected biblical texts. The Pentateuch, Prophets, and writings of the Old Testament are examined for their distinct contribution to a theology of vocation. In the New Testament, Pauline literature is considered. Prerequisites: REL 201 and REL 202.

REL 445 Readings in Spirituality

(offered odd spring) 3 credits. This course develops a wider and deeper vocabulary and conceptual framework for spiritual development using primary readings from classical Christian and non- Christian spiritual works. The class complements REL 205, Spiritual Formation, bracketing the Christian Vocation concentration with critical reflection on one's spiritual growth and place in the world. Prerequisite: REL 205 or equivalent.

Sociology

SOC 201 General Sociology

(offered every semester) 3 credits. This course provides a broad introduction to the field of sociology. Many different understandings of society and their implications are explored. Students learn to identify and compare major sociological perspectives, understand basic sociological concepts, and apply them to various situations.

SOC/REL 230 Servant Leadership

(offered every semester) 3 credits. This course is a Christian faith-based approach to the nature, style, and skills of servant leadership. Students consider contemporary leadership theories and styles of leadership, local and global social-justice issues, and vocation in connection with servant-leading. The concepts of servant leadership are applied through participation in service-learning volunteer work in the local community.

SOC/REL 236 Service-Learning in Tanzania

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course is an application of the leadership philosophy and skills explored in REL 230, Servant Leadership. The primary learning experiences of the course take place during a three-week trip to Tanzania in May. During the spring semester prior to the trip, students meet weekly to discuss readings and fundraising strategies. A mid-semester weekend preparation seminar explores the culture, history, and language of Tanzania, as well as appropriate ways of behaving as a guest in a foreign country. One seminar following the trip presents the opportunity to reflect on the experience. The visit to Tanzania is at the invitation of the Eastern and Coastal Diocese of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania. Students stay in host homes, learn about local concerns, and participate in a service project. Students also have the opportunity to take part in a three-day safari at a Tanzanian game park. It is expected that all students, regardless of financial need, participate in fundraising to help offset some of the travel expenses. Prerequisite: REL 230.

SOC/REL 237 Servant Leadership for the Local Community

(offered every odd fall) 3 credits. This course explores servant leadership as a spiritual discipline while developing leadership skills for local volunteer service. The essence of spirituality and spiritual practices in relation to service are explored. Students identify local needs and organize a service-inkind project to benefit the local community. Students participate in discussion seminars and journal activities.

SOC 254 Social Problems

(offered even fall) 3 credits. This class covers selected social problems of American society. Varying topics include problems such as poverty, race relations, international tensions, population, and crime. Prerequisite: none, but SOC 201 is recommended.

SOC 263 Human Relations and Diversity

(offered every fall) 3 credits. This course is an examination of the history, culture, social institutions, values, and contributions of various racial, cultural, and ethnic minority groups in the United States. Students examine the diversity of American society, and speculate about the nation's future in light of significant contemporary changes. Immigrant and nonimmigrant experiences and continually evolving minority-majority relationships are also discussed.

SOC 346 Rural Sociology

(offered every spring) 3 credits. This course offers a survey of culture, society, social processes, and institutions in the context of rural communities. In surveying rural issues, students are provided with the analytical tools necessary for understanding rural communities and the socioeconomic changes facing rural areas. Students develop critical and analytical skills to better understand the conditions and trends that confront rural society. Prerequisite: SOC 201.

SOC 350 Topics in Sociology

(offered every odd spring) 3 credits. This course gives students an opportunity to explore aspects of the field of sociology not covered extensively in other sociology survey courses. Topics may include Social Stratification, Gender and Society, Economic Sociology, Globalization, or Indigenous Peoples.

SOC 351 Sociology of Sport

(offered every even spring) 3 credits. This course attempts to critically analyze sport to better understand how it is practiced and what those practices mean. The world of sport is viewed as a microcosm of larger society and a lens through which to examine social structures and processes. Throughout the course, both positive and negative features of sport in our society are discussed. Using various theoretical approaches, students focus on topics as they relate to sports such as identity, gender, race/ethnicity, the media, economics, drugs, and violence. Prerequisite: SOC 201.

SOC/PSY 353 Research Methods in the Social Sciences

(offered every odd fall) 3 credits. This course provides an introduction to the methods of social inquiry. Students learn how to design and conduct research, and how to become a critical consumer of it. An overview of various social sciences research strategies is presented and students perform some preliminary research. The course focuses on both conceptual and applied dimensions of social research. Prerequisite: MAT 140 or above.

SOC 372 Social Theory

(offered every even fall) 3 credits. This course introduces students to the major social theorists and the fundamental concepts important to the development and continuation of the social sciences. Students develop a framework to address critical social and political issues and better understand the society in which we live. Prerequisite: PLS 221, or PSY 201, or SOC 201.

Spanish

SPN 151 Elementary Spanish I

(offered every fall) 4 credits. This course covers pronunciation, easy conversation, and basic grammar of the spanish language. The emphasis is on basic patterns of language and vocabulary.

SPN 152 Elementary Spanish II

(offered every spring) 4 credits. This course is a continuation of SPN 151. Pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and written and oral communication skills are covered. An overview of Spanish-speaking cultures is also presented. Prerequisite: SPN 151 or equivalent.

University Studies

UNS 100 Finlandia Success Seminar

(offered every semester) 1 credits. This course is required of all full-time incoming students with less than 24 earned college credits. It is designed to help students make a successful transition to college and Finlandia University. The class is an introduction to the goals of a university education, the skills and knowledge needed for university success, and the programs, services, and facilities available at Finlandia.

UNS 103 College and Career Practices

(offered every semester) 3 credits. This class introduces strategies designed to enhance success in college and advancement in the world of work. The emphasis is on academic and life management skills, vocabulary development for improved communication, and critical discussion and evaluation.

UNS 150/151 University Studies

(offered as needed) 12 credits. These classes require study abroad at a cooperating institution. Students must have prior approval of the appropriate academic dean and the University Registrar. This is a temporary registration designation.

UNS 203 Career Planning

(offered spring semester) 1 credits. This course develops preparation skills necessary for a successful career. Students are introduced to a variety of topics including career goal assessment, job search strategies, effective resume and cover letter writing, employment benefits information, interviewing techniques, graduate school opportunities, and job market analysis.